Microsoft Word lexicologiya o'UM. doc



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Leksikologiya MAJMUA

 
 
Criteria of semantic derivation 
In cases of conversion the problem of criteria of semantic derivation arises : 
which of the converted pair is primary and which is converted from it. The problem 
was first analized by prof. A.I. Smirnitsky. Later on P.A. Soboleva developed his idea 
and worked out the following criteria: 
1. If the lexical meaning of the root morpheme and the lexico-grammatical 
meaning of the stem coincide the word is primary, e.g. in cases pen – to pen, father - 
to father the nouns are names of an object and a living being. Therefore in the nouns 
«pen» and «father» the lexical meaning of the root and the lexico-grammatical 
meaning of the stem coincide. The verbs «to pen» and « to father» denote an action, a 
process therefore the lexico-grammatical meanings of the stems do not coincide with 
the lexical meanings of the roots. The verbs have a complex semantic structure and 
they were converted from nouns. 
2. If we compare a converted pair with a synonymic word pair which was 
formed by means of suffixation we can find out which of the pair is primary. This 
criterion can be applied only to nouns converted from verbs, e.g. «chat» n. and «chat» 
v. can be compared with «conversation» - «converse». 
3. The criterion based on derivational relations is of more universal character. 
In this case we must take a word-cluster of relative words to which the converted 
pair belongs. If the root stem of the word-cluster has suffixes added to a noun stem 
the noun is primary in the converted pair and vica versa, e.g. in the word-cluster : 
hand n., hand v., handy, handful the derived words have suffixes added to a noun 
stem, that is why the noun is primary and the verb is converted from it. In the word-
cluster: dance n.,dance v., dancer, dancing we see that the primary word is a verb and 
the noun is converted from it. 

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