Microsoft Word lexicologiya o'UM. doc

LECTURE 4. SEMASIOLOGY 
 
The key questions 
1.
Word - meaning. 
2.
Lexical meaning - notion. 
3.
Polysemy. 
4.
Homonyms. 
5.
Synonyms . 
6.
Antonyms . 
The principal conception and phrases of the theme 
aspects, outer aspect, realization of a notion, plurality of meanings, homonyms, 
accidentally, pronounced, differently paradigms, identical in style, absolute 
antonyms, linguistic difference 
The theme essential problem 
1.
What does semasiology study 
2.
What is the semantic structure of the word? 
3.
What is understood by the term «polysemy»? 
4.
What is the interrelation of homonymic pairs? 
5.
Are there complete synonyms in English? 
 
Goal of the lecture 
To give information about semasiology 
Identifying educational goals 
1.Knows polysemy, homonyms, synonyms and antomyms 
 
Word - Meaning 
Every word has two aspects: the outer aspect (its sound form) and the inner 
aspect (its meaning) . Sound and meaning do not always constitute a constant unit 
even in the same language. E.g. the word «temple» may denote «a part of a human 
head» and «a large church» In such cases we have homonyms. One and the same 
word in different syntactical relations can develop different meanings, e.g. the verb 
«treat» in sentences: 
a) He treated my words as a joke. 
b) The book treats of poetry. 
c) They treated me to sweets. 
d) He treats his son cruelly. 
In all these sentences the verb «treat» has different meanings and we can 
speak about polysemy.On the other hand, one and the same meaning can be 

---

144 
expressed by different sound forms, e.g. «pilot» , and «airman», «horror» and 
«terror». In such cases we have synonyms. 
Both the meaning and the sound can develop in the course of time 
independently. E.g. the Old English /luvian/ is pronounced /l^v / in Modern English. 
On the other hand, «board» primariliy means « a piece of wood sawn thin» It has 
developed the meanings: a table, a board of a ship, a stage, a council etc.