Microsoft Word doctoral thesis final[1]. doc



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4.2.4.2 The Internet focus group- IFG 
 
An alternative focus group interview which does not involve direct interaction is the 
Internet focus Group  or IFG.  Krueger and Casey (2000:189), describe the advantages 
and disadvantages of the Internet focus group. The IFG is a chat line with questions 
posed by a moderator and comments entered via the keyboard by participants at remote 
sites. At a more sophisticated level, the communication can be by voice or even by voice 
and video. The greatest advantage of the IFG is that it is inexpensive and links together 
people in far-flung locations (p190). The major disadvantage is the use of keyboards for 
entering comments. Those with quick keyboard and good written communication skills 
are at an advantage over those with limited keyboard and written communication skills.  
 
The IFG has other disadvantages compared to the FGI. In his undated internet article 
entitled: ‘Internet focus groups are not focus groups-so don’t call them that’, Greenbaum 


 
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elaborates the major differences between the two groups. He points out that group 
dynamics are altered in internet focus groups. Whereas traditional focus groups thrive on 
the interaction between group participants, it is very difficult to create any real group 
dynamics in cyberspace. Moreover, it is not possible to duplicate non-verbal input in an 
on-line environment nor is it possible to know for sure if the person sitting at the 
computer is actually the person selected to participate, or if she is paying full attention to 
the process or being distracted by other things during the session. Lastly, the role of the 
moderator is limited in an on-line environment due to the lack of face-to-face 
involvement with the participants. Despite these disadvantages, the internet focus group 
affords a great deal of anonymity to participants and hence a feeling of ease and 
relaxation as the participant operates from comfortable familiar surroundings. Also 
moderator effects are reduced in a non face-to-face situation. These effects may include 
the personal characteristics of the moderator such as her physical appearance, general 
demeanour, age and race or even socio-economic characteristics and technical knowledge 
(Krueger 1994:102). 
 
4.2.4.3 Net based focus groups 
 
Focus groups can also be conducted by means of audio or video conferencing which 
provides a richer and more natural form of communication on the net (Anderson & 
Kanuka 2003: 104). Until recently, the required software, end-user hardware, and 
bandwidth have prevented use of these richer and more natural forms of communication 
on the Net. However, the development of multisited audio and video conferencing 
systems and the availability of high-speed connecting at home and in the workplace 
promise increased use of media rich, synchronous forms of net-based focus groups 
(Anderson & Kanuka 2003: 104).  
 
Anderson and Kanuka (2003) distinguish four kinds of net-based focus groups:  
 
•  synchronous and text-based 
•  synchronous and audio and/or video-based  
•  asynchronous and text-based  


 
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•  asynchronous and audio and/or video-based. 
 
 Text based email and computer conferencing are said to have been the predominant 
forms of asynchronous communication on the internet, while text-based chats are the 
most common and accessible way to conduct real time focus groups synchronously 
(Anderson & Kanuka 2003:104). 
 
 For the present study, the synchronous audio and video-based focus group was selected 
as the qualitative data gathering method. 
 
4.2.4.4 The Video conference focus group 
 
The VConf-FGI is the interview data collection method chosen for this study. A detailed 
description of this method, including its advantages and limitations is given in the choice 
of methodology and data collection sections. 
 

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