Microsoft Word 2007 ichrie conference Proceedings Final-Final 06-06-07. doc

 
METHODOLOGY 
The questionnaire was based on an instrument developed by Brownell (1994), and Ng and Pine (2003), and 
was adapted with their permission. The revised instrument was reviewed by hospitality faculty and industry experts 
to establish face validity, identify problems, and obtain suggestions. Minor revisions were made. Survey items 
gathered opinions in five areas: 1) Fifteen items that facilitate women’s career advancement, 2) Fifteen items that 
constrain women’s career advancement, 3) Gender issues in the workplace (7 items), 4) Background information, 
and 5) Open-ended questions asking respondents for suggestions on what hospitality educational programs could do 
to prepare women for career advancement and ways to reduce industry barriers to women. A 5-point Likert response 
format (1, “strongly disagree” to 5, “strongly agree”) was used for Sections 1-3.

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