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Figure 2. Mental Mapping from the Qualitative Responses of Surveyed Respondents. is associated with
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Denial
No worry
Normal Life
Not at all (affected)
Trust God
Same travel plan
No change
Deny the existence of risk
Non-Response
Perception of travel risk
Anxious
Apprehension
Fear
Nervous
Paranoid
More Stress
No Travel
Acceptance
Passive acceptence of risk
Alert
Aware
Hesitation
Less Travel
More Conscious
Mitigation
Attention to surroundings
Reactive response to risk
Respond
Cautious
Cost constraints
Economic thinking
Less money
Loss reduction
Airport security
inconvenience
More driving
No domestic flights
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Respondent Characteristics A total of 558 travelers returned the self-administered questionnaire. Most of the surveys (85%) were
postmarked during May and June, 2002. Over three-quarters (76.1%) of respondents were between 26 and 55 years
of age. Two-thirds (67%) of respondents were female. Respondents were well-educated: 37% reported that they
were college graduates (4-yr degrees) while another 28% reported graduate or professional degrees. Only 17%
reported incomes at or below $35,000 while 24% reported incomes of $75,000 or more and 23% refused to give
their household income. Respondents reported frequent travel with an average of 11 (median of 8) away from home
overnight or longer trips per year and an average of 4 (median of 2) trips via commercial airliner in the typical year.
Seventeen percent of respondents reported that they canceled specific travel plans due to the danger of
terrorist attacks during the month immediately following the events of 9/11 (Table 1). However, only 6.8 percent
reported canceling specific travel plans after that initial month. Also, as one might expect, more respondents
considered canceling trips (either by air or to a major city) than actually canceled specific travel plans. Other
strategies respondents appear to have adopted to minimize their risk of exposure to terrorism include staying closer
to home when they traveled and avoiding public places. All of these behaviors become less common over time with
a higher percentage of respondents reporting them in the immediate month following 9/11 than later.