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Optional Activity 2 Play “Listen and guess”.
Objective: to recycle the question “What’s that?”
STEP 1: say that the pupils will play a guessing game in 
pairs. explain that one pupil must describe an animal (from the 
cloud picture in 1a) and another pupil must guess the animal. For 
example: 
Pupil 1: ‘it’s big. it can swim.’ 
 
 
Pupil 2: ‘That’s a duck.’ 
 
 
Pupil 1: ‘no.’
 
 
Pupil 2: ‘That’s a crocodile.’
 
 
Pupil 1: ‘Yes.’
STEP 2: Ask the pupils to look at the dialogue in Activity 2, 
especially the words “it’s” and “That’s”. Ask if anybody knows 
what the apostrophe means in these words. After eliciting some 
answers, sum up that apostrophe means contraction. Write on 
the board: it’s = it is 
and That’s = That is. explain that we use 
contractions when we speak and want to write just the same as 
we speak. As regards to full forms, they are not oral speech so 
we write them fully in cases other than oral speech. After that 
have the pupils repeat the contractions and full forms you have 
written on the board after you and let them see the difference in 
pronunciation.