Membrane Gas Separation

46, 46
physical properties 45, 46
solubility coeffi cients (S) in 50
synthesis of 45
temperature dependence of 
permeability coeffi cients of 48, 48
temperature dependence of the PALS 
parameters in 53, 53
time dependence of the permeability 
coeffi cients 48
poly(trimethylsilylpropyne) membrane, 
CF
4
plasma treatment 258
see also PTMSP
polyvinyl chloride plants, membrane 
recovery of vinyl chloride monomer 
in 299
poly(vinylacetate) 63
poly(vinyltrimethylsilane), permeability 
coeffi cients 34
see also PVTMS
pore size distribution 99–101, 105
porous membranes, modelling gas 
separation in 85–109
positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy 
(PALS) 39–40, 52, 61, 234, 236
post-combustion capture 201, 202, 296
minor components 202
potential energy 95, 96
potential energy difference 99, 100
power generation systems 186
PPO magnetic membranes 175, 179
pre-combustion capture 201, 202, 295
minor components 202
pressure 133
pressure swing adsorption (PSA) 301, 
302, 307
by-product value 303
comparison of project parameters 304
expansion 303
feed and product conditions 305
fl ow rates economy 304
reliability 303
selection guidelines 306
probe molecule structures
isomerization volume 65–66
and spectrophotometric analysis 
68–69
van der Waals structures in the cis and 
trans isomeric forms 65–66
process intensifi cation 281
propane (C
3
H
8
), kinetic diameter and 
critical temperature 203

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368
Index
PTMSN see poly(trimethylsilyl-
norbornene) (PTMSN)
PTMSP 38, 38
correlation of S vs critical temperature 
of solutes 51
free volume elements 55
permeability coeffi cients 47
permeability, diffusion and solubility 
coeffi cients of gases in 51
pulverized coal combustion (PCC) 
technology 186
pure gas permeability 116
pure gas transport properties 116
PVTMS
correlation of 
Δ
H
m
vs. V
c
54
sizes of free volume elements 55
quaternary system, sorption theory 
206–7
race tracking 349
ratio indicators 300
recycle confi gurations 334
refi neries, hydrogen separation in 301–9
resistance, in series transport model 94, 
95
reverse osmosis membranes 314
ring opening metathesis polymerization 
(ROMP) 43
Robeson’s plots 286, 287
rubbery polymers 236, 282
pores 91, 92
solubility of a gas within 205
sorption theory 204–7
selectivity 87, 126, 138–39, 286
self-polycondensation reactions 9
separation factor 116, 324
separation of gas mixtures
molecular size differences 160
solution-diffusion properties 160
series transport model, resistance in 94, 
95
SF
6
186
silica 91, 157
molecular structure of non-porous 
fumed 133
Silicalite-1 114, 117, 117
preparation of 115
solubility of N
2
, CH
4
and CO
2
in 119
silicone rubber 204
slit-shaped pores, barrier-free transport 
and Knudsen diffusion 101
Smoluchowski equation 162–63
SO
3
, critical temperature 203
social indicators 300
solubility, of a gas within rubbery 
polymeric membrane 205
solubility coeffi cients 80, 87
solubility isotherms 128, 134, 135
solubility map, using Hansen’s Parameters 
319
solubility parameters 319
solution-diffusion mechanism 87
solution-diffusion properties 159
solvent exchange 314
sorption 50
sorption coeffi cient 260
sorption theory
glassy membranes 207–10
for multiple gas components 204–10
rubbery polymeric membranes 204–7
spectrophotometric analysis, probes and 
68–69
spin probe method 61
spiral-wound modules 284, 285, 285, 328
steady state permeability 74–76
steel corrosion 313
stilbene 70
isomerization volume 65
van der Waals structures in the cis and 
trans isomeric forms 65
suction diffusion 99
suction energy 99
sulfur dioxide 211
CO
2
mixtures, separation by liquid 
membranes 256
kinetic diameter and critical 
temperature 203
permeability within polymeric 
membranes and selectivity relative 
to CO
2
211, 211
sulfur oxides 210–12

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Index
369
supported ionic liquid membranes 189
supported liquid membranes 188
surface diffusion 88, 88–89, 103
surface diffusion coeffi cient 89
sweep 334
distribution within shells and effect on 
module performance 335
effect of 344–46
effect on dry gas fl ow rate 345, 347
effect on dry gas recovery 346, 348
explicit sweet distributions simulations 
338–39
Gaussian distribution of 336–38
introducing from retentate product into 
the shell of a hollow fi bre module 
334
shell and lumen boundary conditions 
for external sweep ports 339, 340
sweep confi gurations used in explicit 
sweep distribution calculations to 
determine module performance 
346
sweep distribution
effect of 346–47
non-uniform 350
sweep fractions 341
dry gas fl ow rate 341, 342
dry gas recovery 341, 342
sweep uniformity analysis 350
sweep uniformity, effect on gas 
dehydration module performance 
333–53
sweep variation
effect on dry gas fl ow rate 344, 344
effect on dry gas recovery 345
swelling coeffi cient 128
symbols 106–7, 178, 180, 351
TAPOB (1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenoxy) 
benzene) 5, 143, 145, 145
Tefl on
®
59
Tefl on
® 
AF 60
molecular structure of 133
Tefl on
®
AF1600 114, 119
correlation of 
Δ
H
m
vs. V
c
54, 54
properties 115
pure gas transport data 120
sizes of free volume elements 55
Tefl on
® 
AF1600/MFI 30% membrane
Maxwell model predictions 120
permeability to CO
2
and CH
4
120, 120
Tefl on
®
AF2400 114, 122, 132
average diffusivity of n-butane and 
n-pentane in 137, 137
n-C
5
/n-C
4
selectivity 140
experimental solubility of n-butane and 
n-pentane in 135, 135
gas transport in 125
infi nite dilution diffusion coeffi cient of 
n-butane and n-pentane in 139
NELF model parameters for n-butane 
and n-pentane in 136
permeability coeffi cients 47
permeability of n-butane and n-pentane 
in 140
permeability vs. selectivity plot of 
122
properties 115
sizes of free volume elements 55
solubility isotherms for n-butane and 
n-pentane in 134, 135
vapor sorption and diffusion in 
125–42
telechelic polyimides 11
TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-
oxyl) 61
tertiary system, sorption theory 205–6
tetrafl uoroethylene (TFE) 114
tetramethoxysilane see TMOS 
(tetramethoxysilane)
2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene diamine 
(TeMPD) 11
thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) 
147
thermogravimetric–differential thermal 
analysis (TG-DTA) 147
time lag 74–76, 116, 167–71
TMOS (tetramethoxysilane) 144, 145, 
145, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 
156, 157
FT-IR spectra 148, 148
physical properties 149

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370
Index
TMOS/MTMS 147, 150, 151, 152, 153,