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ФИО автора: Abdujalilova Dilorom Xusan qizi
1^st year of Master’s student of Uzbekistan State World Language University ФИО научного рководителя: Muratova Dilorom Maxmudovna Teacher, English faculty 2, Uzbekistan State World Language University
Название публикации: «FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK TERMINOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF TOURISM»

Annotation:

The article deals with the formation and development of the touristic terms in the English and Uzbek languages. As well as, how tourism and tourism terminology appeared in English and Uzbek. Stages of tourism development in Uzbek language are described in relation to tourism terms. New tourism terms which developed recently and relationships between English and Uzbek tourism terminology are discussed.
Key words: tourism, tourism term, cultural integration, international tourism.

Annotatsiya:

Maqolada ingliz va o'zbek tillarida turizm terminlarining shakllanishi va rivojlanishi haqida so'z boradi. Shuningdek, ingliz va o'zbek tillarida turizm va turizm terminologiyasi qanday paydo bo'lganligi haqida ma'lumotlar berilgan. O'zbek tilida turizmning rivojlanish bosqichlari turizm terminlari bilan birga ta'riflanadi. Yaqinda shakllangan yangi turizm atamalari va ingliz va o'zbek turizm terminologiyasi o'rtasidagi munosabatlar muhokama qilinadi.
Kalit so'zlar: turizm, turizm atamasi, madaniy integratsiya, xalqaro turizm. Tourism began to develop actively around the XX century, and in this regard,
the XXI century is often called the century of tourism. International tourism is growing every year, which contributes to an increase in the number of international tourists in the world. For the first time tourism appeared as an economic activity in England. The development of the language is related to the development of society, while the connection between language and society is mutually conditional.
It is impossible to study the origins and development of tourist terminology without studying extralinguistic tendencies and the tourism industry itself. The XVIII century represents the first stage of a new cycle of formation and development of the tourism industry as a form of organization of mass cultural leisure[1, p.353]. The first appearance of the word "tourism" is dated 1811, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. The Greek word for a tool used in describing a circle, according to that and other dictionaries, is the root or etymology. In some ways, tourism is built on a cyclical route, with visitors returning to their starting point, their home.[2, p.277] Due to the
development of transport and the emergence of various new means of transportation, there is a corresponding development and spread of new forms of the tourism industry. Thus, extralinguistic tendencies were reflected accordingly in the formation of English tourist terminology.
However, the Uzbek terminological system of tourism began to develop much later than the English one. This is due to the historical development of our country. Development of tourism and its terminology can be divided into four stage.[3, p.2-5] First stage was from the Independence day of Uzbekistan till 1995. Second stage was from 1995 till 1999. Next stage was in 1999 on August 20 of that year, the Legislative Chamber of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted the law "On Tourism". Some terms with definition was given in this law. For example, tourism, tourist, tour, excursion activities and others. [4, p.21-23] The last stage is from 2000 till nowadays. After 2000 many new terms of tourism such as tourism voucher, tourist route was appeared. Thus, it can be noted that the English–language tourism terminology system is already developed, while the Uzbek-speaking one is in the development stage. Modern tourism, acting in the form of leisure activities or business, is also a system for acquiring new international communications and tourist connections. The large-scale international tourism industry is transnational by nature. Tourism is influenced by globalization, which creates a new environment where people travel without strict restrictions and become participants and witnesses of integration of cultures. The process of cultural integration of the tourist space is expressed in the possibility of expanding the boundaries of tourist activity [5, p.464]. Moreover, cultural integration affects the rules of international regulation and ethical standards of tourism, as well as technologies and communications, tourism statistics and industry terminology.
Systematization and ordering of tourism terminology is the main component in the process of harmonization of most aspects of tourism and tourism activities, tourism relations, the key to effective and adequate intercultural communication in the field of tourism. The study of the terminological system of tourism is the most important condition that contributes to the successful conduct of tourism activities in the professional sphere. The terminological system of international tourism reflects a system that is a set of interrelated elements that form integrity and unity. These elements form conceptual and semantic consistency, and with their help the basic terminological and professional vocabulary is formed [6, p.70]. The formation of the term system "tourism" in English and Uzbek is explained by the level of development of the corresponding sphere of professional activity of a person.
In recent years, the tourism business continues to develop actively and confidently, and therefore there is an increase in international contacts. Due to the fact that tourism is a dynamically developing phenomenon, the elements of the tourism system are subject to changes, depending on the emergence of new communications
and technologies, as well as diversification in the tourist market of supply and demand. The development of tourism on a global scale implies the expansion of tourist exchange between countries and their increase due to the entry of new territories and regions into the tourist exchange. In addition, the emergence of new spheres of human activity, spheres of entertainment and interests of society has contributed to the spread of such non-standard types of tourism as retro tourism, slums tourism, mystical tourism, extreme tourism (survival tourism)[6, p.69].
Recently, tourism which includes dangerous and physically difficult travel (hardship tourism, disaster tourism, troubles tourism), has become popular. Travel with extreme activities and associated with risk are becoming increasingly popular; abandoning the desire for comfort and the principles of hospitality familiar to us, there is also a demand for such qualities as cross-culture, novelty seeking [6, p.69]. In the system of international tourism, interaction between elements is impossible without using a special language for certain purposes.
Consequently, there is a need to isolate a huge layer of lexical units into a whole terminological system. It is the term system that captures, encodes and transmits concepts and phenomena functioning in the field of tourism [6, p.69].
The understanding of a term as a unit of language that has the form of a word or phrase and is used to denote a concept and concept within the professional sphere of activity or specific scientific knowledge requires clarification [7, p.32]. The terms of international tourism serve not only to express specific concepts, phenomena and concepts and to designate objects in the field of tourism and culture, but also describe the connections and relationships between these concepts, their functions and features. If culture is a system of designations of concepts and phenomena designed by people to broadcast and record significant information in social terms, as well as experience, knowledge, ideas, then tourist culture is a certain system that includes a set of tourist objects, phenomena, realities and unites them on the basis of connections. It forms a specialized environment with its tourism products, ethical code and value system, standards and norms.
Tourist culture, being a conceptual space of the tourism system, is undergoing changes that reflect the dynamics of tourist development [8, p.576]. The term system of tourism, fixing new realities in the language, is in constant dynamic updating. This manifests itself in two main processes.
The first one consists in borrowing terms from various spheres of human activity, especially with regard to activities manifested in the socio–cultural system: for example, mountaineering, pilgrimage, tour extension. The second is the formation of own terms: tourist voucher, charter inclusive tour, guided excursion. Despite the uniformity of international standards and norms, the system and culture of tourism in each particular country has its own unique identity, which naturally affects national
terminology systems. For example, there is the presence in one culture of specific objects or phenomena that have no analogues in another culture [9, p.15].
Due to the nature of tourism development, historically, the basis for the terminological system of international tourism is the English language: "English is the backbone of the international tourism industry", an officially recognized tool for the dissemination, storage, fixation of tourism terms in diachronic and synchronous aspects [10, p.27]. At the same time, the terminological systems of tourism in other languages play a very important role. The terminological system of each language brings its own distinctive national features, and thus reflects its culture. Thus, there is an enrichment and development of the terminological system of tourism. It should be noted that since English is the most widely spoken and world language, the English- language terminological system of the tourism sector penetrates into other national languages. In this regard, many English-language tourism terms are preserved in national languages, becoming Anglicisms (or Americanisms). Some terms are preserved in the form of internationalisms [9, p.15] (for example, VIP service, charter, reception, carving).
Basically, this happens because in many contacting languages there is no analog term in the form of a short word or phrase. In addition, descriptive translation in tourist texts with an advertising aspect is often undesirable or simply impossible.
However, there is another trend when terms in the contacting language, being analogs to English-speaking terms, are replaced by English-speaking ones [11, p.208]. The reasons may be: obsolescence of concepts: booking a room – reservation; consumer – client; hotel habitant – hotel resident, the disappearance of the conceptuality of the term: free trade – duty free; expulsion - deportation, tourist brochure – tourist booklet. The richest and having a wide range of terms included in various national terminological systems, the sphere of international tourism is cultural tourism (including hereditary, historical, religious, ethnographic and event tourism).
In conclusion, tourism terminology system develops with the tourism industry. Tourism terms both in English and Uzbek passed many stages for development. English and Uzbek tourism terminology is actively developing in mutually connections.
List of used literature:

1. 
   Sokolova M.V. History of tourism. M.: Mastery, 2002. p.353
   
2. 
   Nell Leiper. An Etymology of "Tourism". Annals of Tourism Research. Vol10. p.277
   
3. 
   Rahimbayev A.O. Turizm: Nazariya va Amaliyot. O'quv - uslubiy majmua. Urganch - 2018. 9-13-betlar.
   
4. 
   Mirzayev M.A., Aliyeva M.T. Turizm asoslari. Toshkent - 2011. 21-23-betlar.
   
5. 
   Alexandrova A.Yu. International tourism. M.: Aspect Press, 2001. p.464
   
6. 
   Moshnyaga E.V. Terminosystem of international tourism as a linguocultural phenomenon // Theory of language. 2009. No. 1. pp. 67-73.
   
7. 
   Alekseeva L.M. Metaphorical terminological generation and functions of terms in the text: abstract of the dissertation of the Doctor of Philology. Moscow: RUDN, 1999. p.32
   
8. 
   Birzhakov M.B. Introduction to tourism. St. Petersburg: Gerda Publishing House, 2001. p.576
   
9. 
   Bekisheva E.V. Specificity of the processes of formation of derived terms (on the problem of national and international in terminological subsystems: abstract of the dissertation of the Candidate of Philology. Saratov, 1991. p. 15
   
10. 
    Gikal L.P. Quasi-international vocabulary as a phenomenon of interlanguage asymmetry (based on the material of Russian, English and German languages: abstract of the dissertation of the Candidate of Philology. Krasnodar, 2005. p.27
    
11. 
    Krysin L.P. Foreign words in modern Russian: monograph. M.: Nauka, 1968.
    

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