Международный научно-образовательный электронный журнал «образование и наука в XXI веке». Выпуск №25 (том 3)

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ФИО автора:
Samarkand state institute of foreign languages 
2
nd
course student of the department of Master degree 
Boymurodova Gulhayo Ismoil qizi 
Название публикации:
«SOCIO-POLITICAL TEXT AND ITS TYPES» 
Abstract.
this article deals with the socio-political text and author gives several 
types of the political text. In addition, author provides with the notions of prominent 
linguists who contributed in the sphere of socio-political texts. 
Keywords
: 
socio-political texts, political narrative, social coordinates, Order. 
The world is rapidly moving towards the creation of a single all-pervading 
information space. The concept of “information society” is used today not only by 
specialists in the field of communications, but also by economists, politicians, and 
scientists. In most cases, this concept implies the development of information 
technologies and the media (media), increasing their role in public life. The political 
elite skillfully use information-psychological techniques to disseminate their ideas and 
principles in society, conduct political struggle, propaganda, and agitation. At the same 
time, politicians, political publicists often distort facts for personal or opportunistic 
purposes, give them an incorrect interpretation. Ordinary citizens, that is, those who 
make up public opinion in the country or are potential voters, most often become the 
object of manipulation. 
Under 
socio-political texts
(political narrative) in source studies, they usually 
understand the speeches of state, party and public figures at party congresses and 
conferences, international and government forums, interdepartmental meetings, as well 
as publicistic articles prepared by them (from lat. Publicus - public) articles on social 
significant issues. 
In the theory of modern political communication, the term “political narrative” 
is used in the sense of a set of political texts of different genres (party program, election 
platform, television interview, etc.) centered around a specific political event or 
situation: a referendum, elections, etc. 

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This event is reflected in many texts created by the political leader, members of 
his team, analysts, as well as political opponents. 
At first glance, such an automatic transfer of modern terminology and 
methodology to the field of source studies may seem unreasonable. However, if you 
think about it, the requirement to study sources in a complex is nothing more than the 
need to study the entire set of texts on an existing problem. 
A feature of socio-political texts is their distinct political orientation, through 
which the principled position of a person vested with power or, on the contrary, who 
is in opposition to power, is expressed. They reflect the activities of parties and other 
public organizations, public authorities, political leaders and their opponents. 
The Russian philosopher and publicist N. S. Trubetskoy in his work “We and 
Others” emphasized that the culture of any people living by state experience must 
certainly include political ideas and teachings as one of the elements. Otherwise, the 
image of society is unclear; the principles underlying its functioning and development 
are unknown. This is a kind of “social coordinates”. The basic elements of the state 
ideology are ideas about the vector of historical development: the socio-political, 
economic, moral ideal, tactical goals and tasks of the state [1]. 
Often socio-political texts are characterized by polemic, emotionality, agitation 
and propaganda in nature, as a result of which they have a wide resonance. 
Analysis of the public reaction to the speech of a statesman can be very 
informative for the historian. So, the procedure for discussing the “Order” of Catherine 
II was quite free. Here is how S. M. Solovyov describes it: “When the deputies gathered 
in Moscow, the Empress, while in the Kolomna Palace, appointed various people of 
great dissent in order to listen to the prepared “Order ”. whatever they wanted. They 
smeared more than half of what was written by her, and the “Instruction” remained, as 
if it had been printed. The passages crossed out by the deputies from Catherine's text 
of the “Order” (some fragments of the original edition were found in the papers of 
Catherine II after her death and published) are of undoubted interest for understanding 
the spiritual mood of both the empress herself and the broad strata of Russian society 
of that era [2
]
. 

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Since in many cases the texts are intended for oral presentations, they differ in a 
number of stylistic features: the clarity of the construction of phrases, the absence of 
long complex sentences, understandable vocabulary, and figurativeness of expressions, 
the repetition of concepts important in meaning to highlight the corresponding thought 
and consolidate it in the memory of the audience. So, A.M. Alexandrov-Agentov, in 
the process of preparing speeches for L.I. Brezhnev, asked his assistants to write in 
simple language, without using too smart words, because otherwise the General 
Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee was offended: “What am I to you, scientist, 
what whether?”. 
Among the sources of the type under consideration, one can single out program 
materials (reports to party congresses, presidential messages), information materials 
(certificates, information notes), journalistic articles in the narrow sense of the word 
(polemical articles, pamphlets, speeches, etc.). 
Encyclopedic editions of the 19th - early 20th centuries. defined journalism as 
“literary works interpreting social and public issues”, “discussion in the press of 
pressing issues of socio-political life”. 
In the textbook GP Saar “Sources and Methods of Historical Research”, 
published in 1930, newspapers, proclamations, leaflets, campaign brochures, 
pamphlets were combined into one group of sources, called journalistic works. The 
basis for the association was their common feature - the ability to “influence the 
reader's psyche in order to cause certain actions on the part of the reader”. In the 
textbook “Source Studies of the History of the USSR”, prepared by M.N. Tikhomirov 
and S.A. Nikitin in 1940, it was a group of journalistic and political writings, which 
reflected the socio-political struggle [
3]
. 
In the Explanatory Dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov, journalism means “literature on 
topical socio-political issues of our time, the current life of society”. In this context, it 
can be considered as a genre of literature [4
]
. 
In modern source studies, there is an opinion that journalism is a type of 
historical sources that arise in the public sphere, expressing and shaping public opinion 

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on a socially significant problem. The following systematization of journalism is 
proposed: 
- author's publicistic works; 
- journalism of mass popular movements; 
- projects of state reforms and constitutions. 
However, there is no generally accepted definition of journalism in historical 
science. 
In domestic source studies, the works of the leaders of the liberal camp, 
revolutionary populism, social democracy and, of course, the leaders of the Soviet state 
were mainly studied. The works of V. I. Lenin were considered as “the active combat 
arsenal of the party”. They served, in the words of M. A. Varshavchik, the author of 
the textbook “Source Study of the History of the CPSU”, the “most authoritative” 
criterion for verifying the reliability of other sources “both from the factual and from 
the ideological, political side”. In recent years, textbooks on source studies have denied 
such an approach both in relation to the political heritage of the Soviet leaders and their 
ideological predecessors [5]. 
Among the modern understandings of the term “ideology”, in which the political 
ideas of society are expressed, such definitions as “myth”, “distorted reflection of 
reality”, “necessary social illusion”, i.e. any ideology is presented as a false, inadequate 
reflection of reality. However, the significance of socio-political texts lies in the fact 
that they force contemporaries to think politically, and allow historians to study social 
needs, ways of spreading political ideas, and the degree of politicization of society. For 
example, P.G. Zaichnevsky in his proclamation “Young Russia” (1862) expressed an 
extremely radical idea: large-scale and consistent violence as a means of socio-
economic reorganization, including through “bloody reforms” and the dictatorship of 
the party. The expressed thoughts excited public opinion: according to contemporaries, 
they sounded “like a bolt from the blue” and found many followers. Suffice it to recall 
how popular the idea of a conspiracy, a secret society, turned out to be in Russia, and 
the call to put an end to the entire “house of the Romanovs” became the program 
provision of the planned revolution [6]. 

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It is a mistake in source studies to absolutize the significance of the works of 
political leaders (V.I. Lenin, L.D. Trotsky, N.I. Bukharin, I.V. Stalin, etc.), but in 
studies on Soviet history, references to the works of state and party leaders are often 
become necessary. It is impossible to do without Lenin's works when studying the 
problems of the economic policy of Soviet Russia in the early 1920s. (for example, the 
report “On the food tax”) or intra-party struggle (the resolution “On the unity of the 
party”). 
At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the problem of using socio-
political texts in scientific work. It was believed, for example, that all the works of V.I. 
Lenin, no matter what form they take, no matter what type of sources they belong to, 
constitute one integral complex. Historians have cited Lenin's works in the fifth 
(complete) collected works. This rule has become so commonplace that, if necessary, 
to give a link to another edition, scientists made a special reservation. The source 
classification was developed to facilitate the accounting of materials, i.e. was of a 
supportive nature. 
M.A. Varshavchik, in relation to Lenin's works, proposed a classification based 
on the purpose of a particular document: 
- public speeches, divided into written (articles, appeals, draft documents, etc.) 
and oral (reports, speeches); 
- correspondence (the author considered resolutions, orders and other similar 
inscriptions on official documents to be a kind of which); 
- administrative documents; 
- preparatory materials (plans, theses, abstracts, sketches, notes on the margins 
of books, etc.); 
– autobiographical documents (applications, questionnaires, etc.)[6]. 
The source-study approach implies the selection from collections of essays, 
which can combine a variety of source materials: regulatory legal documents (for 
example, decrees), papers of personal origin (for example, letters), socio-political texts 
(political reports, journalistic articles on social problems) and etc. 

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