ФИО автора:
Gulmatova Ugilshod Gulmatovna
Master, TerSU, Uzbekistan
Название публикации:
«PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZING ARTISTIC TIME
IN THE NOVELS OF V. AKSENOV»
Abstract: If one were to imagine a collective photo in which the Russian artistic
avantgarde of the 1910s and 1920s—poets, painters, actors, musicians, directors,
critics—is gathered together in a single, big picture, Ivan Aleksandrovich Aksenov
(1884–1935) would surely be in it. Just as certain, however, is that he would be
standing hidden behind someone else, in the shadows, or, although present, would not
be seen at all. Ivan Aksenov, critic, poet, and translator, was a brilliant representative
of the genre-crossing and internationalist spirit of Russian avant-garde art.
Key words: language ideology; national identity; loanwords; Russian; Uzbek
For different reasons, however, his life and works have remained unknown outside a
small circle of initiated readers. During the Soviet era he was soon marginalized
because of his a-ideological position. Later, specialized scholars have for various
reasons skipped over him, mentioning only en passant that he was an original member
of the multi-faceted Russian avant-garde movement. Aksenov published one of the first
theoretical books on Picasso in the year of the 1917 revolutions, but for obvious
external reasons it evoked hardly any response at the time. In the 1920s he was close
to the Constructivists and worked in Vsevolod Meyerhold’s theater, also serving as the
dean of its directors’ school. Aksenov’s analysis of the problems of mise-en-scène,
more geometrical than ideological, influenced a new generation of directors headed by
Sergei Eisenstein. The last decade of his life he devoted to translations and essays on
Elizabethan drama. It is precisely the amazing many-sidedness of Aksenov’s person
that, paradoxically enough, has allowed his work to go unobserved by most specialists
both in Russia and abroad. Nobody seems to have been able to place him comfortably
in any one category. Art historians have at best paid attention to his art criticism, but
they have neglected its relation to his literary work. Philologists have taken interest in
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his futurist poetry and even included it in anthologies, but without considering the rest
of his literary work, i.e., the large body of literary criticism and the whole oeuvre of
original translations. Film specialists have noted Aksenov as the author of the
penetrating portrait of his ex-student Sergei Eisenstein but they have devoted hardly
any interest to what the teacher actually might have taught the young director about the
art of drama, the problems of mise en scène, composition, etc. The logical place to find
a synthetic portrait of a personality like Ivan Aksenov’s would seem to be an
encyclopedia He is also conspicuously absent from Teatral’naia entsiklopediia and the
eight-volume Kratkaia literaturnaia entsiklopediia of the 1960s. Only in the supplement
to the latter, which was published in 1978, was Tatyana Nikolskaya able to present him
in a short article. In the meantime, Vladimir Markov had sketched the first portrait of
Aksenov as a poet and critic in his pioneering Russian Futurism (1968). One had to
wait, however, till the publication of the first volume of the postperestroika
biographical dictionary Russkie pisateli 1800–1917 (1989) to find a more detailed
article on him, including a rare photograph. It is not only the life and works of Ivan
Aksenov that have been strangely overlooked or left in oblivion. His very name seems
to be elusive and surrounded by confusion and mystifications. Even during his lifetime
his name was the object of misunderstanding. The young Nikolai Khardzhiev, in a 1934
letter to the editors of the journal Literaturnyi kritik, noted—in a sarcastic style which
was to become the critic’s life-long signature—that in the recently published first
volume of Literaturnaia entsiklopediia, the reader looking for Ivan Aksenov was
wrongly referred to the article “Oksenov.” Actually, Khardzhiev commented, “Ivan
Aleksandrovich Aksenov is living in Moscow, on Bol’shoi Kozikhinskii pereulok” and
is the author of a series of important books, which he listed; the writer Oksenov
(Innokentii) was a completely different person living in Leningrad.1 In the West, the
confusion around Ivan Aksenov’s name has been even greater. Anyone looking for
information about Aksenov and his contributions to the Russian avant-garde has easily
been trapped by the incompatibility of different existing transliteration systems. Thus
in European libraries one can find publications by or mentioning the writer—in Russian
spelled Аксенов—in which at least the following ten versions of his name appear:
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Aksenov Aksënov Aksionov Aksyonov Axenoff Axionov Axionev Axjonov Axjonow
Actionof Ivan Aksenov’s works have faced many obstacles in reaching their readers.
An unknown work, a long essay on the painter Piotr Konchalovsky, appeared under
strange circumstances in 1977—mistakenly attributed to another critic, Nikolai Punin,
and included in his selected works; this time as well, the mistake was discovered and
corrected by Nikolai Khardzhiev.2 The first complete work by Aksenov to be reprinted
in book form was his Picasso monograph from 1917, Pikasso i okrestnosti. Ironically,
however, it was published not in Russia but in 1986 in Orange, Connecticut by
Antiquary, a little private publishing firm which soon afterwards vanished from the
face of the earth. Only in 2008 did a big collection of Aksenov’s works, including
several earlier unpublished texts and a detailed academic commentary, appear in
Moscow.3 Although Ivan Aksenov’s internationalism could in principle have inspired
interest in him in Russia as well as in the West, it seems instead to have led to mutual
amnesia. His book on Picasso, conceived in 1914 and published in 1917, should be
called pioneering—were it not for the fact that it aroused hardly any response in Russia
and long has remained almost unknown in the West. A first translation of the book into
French has only recently appeared.4 One work by Ivan Aksenov was earlier published
in the West, namely his essay-portrait of Sergei Eisenstein, put out in German by
Henschel Verlag in Berlin in 1997. Due to the spelling of Aksenov’s name as Iwan
Axjonov, however, anyone looking for this book will find it almost impossible to
locate. The explanations for the silence surrounding Aksenov’s name and work are
manifold. To the Russian eye he has seemed to be too Western—a polyglot with a
profound knowledge of French and English who travelled abroad before World War I
and sometimes appeared more interested in foreign cultures than in his native Russia.
He was a part of many important contexts—the literary group Tsentrifuga, the
Meyerhold theater, the literary Constructivists, to mention a few—but never really
belonged to any of them. He was a lonely figure. The loneliness surrounding him can
also be explained by his political position or his close relation during the civil war to
the Cheka and the “Central Commission for the struggle against desertion,” a side of
his biography which is still waiting for further research.
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LITERATURE
1.
Алаудинова Д. ОҒЗАКИ НУТҚНИ ЎСТИРИШГА ДОИР ЎТКAЗИЛГAН
ПЕДAГOГИК ТAЖPИБA СИНОВ НАТИЖАЛАРИ //O ‘ZBEKISTON
RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA O ‘RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI O
‘ZBEKISTON DAVLAT JAHON TILLARI UNIVERSITETI O ‘ZBEK TILI
VA ADABIYOTI KAFEDRASI. – С. 187.
2.
Алаудинова Д. ОҒЗАКИ НУТҚНИ ЎСТИРИШГА ДОИР ЎТКAЗИЛГAН
ПЕДAГOГИК ТAЖPИБA СИНОВ НАТИЖАЛАРИ //O ‘ZBEKISTON
RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA O ‘RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI O
‘ZBEKISTON DAVLAT JAHON TILLARI UNIVERSITETI O ‘ZBEK TILI
VA ADABIYOTI KAFEDRASI. – С. 187.
3.
Алаудинова Д. ОҒЗАКИ НУТҚНИ ЎСТИРИШГА ДОИР ЎТКAЗИЛГAН
ПЕДAГOГИК ТAЖPИБA СИНОВ НАТИЖАЛАРИ //O ‘ZBEKISTON
RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA O ‘RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI O
‘ZBEKISTON DAVLAT JAHON TILLARI UNIVERSITETI O ‘ZBEK TILI
VA ADABIYOTI KAFEDRASI. – С. 187.
4.
ALAUDINOVA
D.
PEDAGOGICAL
PRACTICE-TEST
RESULTS
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA, QUANTITY AND QUALITY MULTIPLIER
ANALYSIS //ЭКОНОМИКА. – Т. 8. – С. 7-10.
5.
ALAUDINOVA
D.
PEDAGOGICAL
PRACTICE-TEST
RESULTS
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA, QUANTITY AND QUALITY MULTIPLIER
ANALYSIS //ЭКОНОМИКА. – Т. 8. – С. 7-10.
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