Mavzu: Solenoidning magnit maydoni

Instruments for Measuring Weather Parameters:
Different instruments are used for measuring weather parameters in observatories and laboratories. Depending on the level of accuracy required and the cost, instruments are used for recording the weather data.
All the above climatic parameters influence the wind. Three geographic factors—altitude, latitude and longitude are important for crop production. These are embodied in Hopkin Bioclimatic Law. It states that crop production activities (planting to harvest) and specific morphological developments are delayed by 4 days for each 1° latitude, 5° longitude and 12 m (40 ft) of altitude as one move northward and upward, respectively.
Intensity, velocity and direction of wind vary with three geographic factors leading to variation in climate and weather.
Geographic surface features such as large bodies of water and mountain ranges modify the wind characteristics and hence the meteorological parameters. A mountain range in the path of prevailing wind creates moist conditions on the windward side and dry conditions on the leeward side. Air cools adiabatically to the dew point as it rises up the mountains.
The air that is forced upward by the mountain range loses its moisture and becomes a dry mass when it goes over the top. This is called the orographic effect (relief effect), which is different from the usual rainfall without mountains. Topography influences weather and microclimate through variation in temperature and wind.
Water is normally warmer than the surrounding land. When wind blows over a large body of water, it picks up moisture, thus creating a more moderate leeward condition. The leeward side of the body of water is subjected to less temperature fluctuations (relatively stable weather) compared to windward side. Windward side is suitable for drought tolerant crops and leeward side to relatively drought sensitive crops. North facing and south facing slopes may differ in climate and natural vegetation. These sites differ in crops that can be grown.
World climate is not static but is subjected to changes caused by factors such as systematic changes in solar activity, sea level, atmospheric carbon dioxide and continental drift. Continental drift gradually changes the latitudinal position of the land masses and the sea level. Volcanic explosions discharge large amounts of dust and gases into the atmosphere. This may cause a decline in temperature (reverse of greenhouse effect).
Accumulation of greenhouse gases is responsible for global warming (gradual increasing trend in global average temperature largely due to greenhouse effect). In spite of technological advances in modern crop production, crop production is still subject to the vagaries of the weather that are manifested in three main ways— moisture stress, temperature stress and natural disasters.
The current event article I chose is called “Recent improvement and projected worsening of weather in the United States” by Patrick J. Egan and Megan Mullin published in the journal Nature. Egan is an Assistant Professor of Politics and Public Policy at NYU. He has written or co-written many works ranging from LGBTQ+ rights to politics, to climate change. He seems to write a lot about public opinion and how it comes to be. Egan’s works have been published in journals ranging from Journal of Politics to another article in Nature, to a report for the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute. Megan Mullin, who equally contributed to the article, is an Associate Professor of Environmental policies at Duke University. She has had…show more content…
Since winter temperatures have increased much faster than summer temperatures, it would seem to line up well with Americans preferences. On a county-by-county basis they found, using their WPI scale, that in the past 40 years the average mean WPI score has increased, meaning over time people are living in more and more preferable weather. Next, they calculated that approximately 80% of people live in counties where the weather has improved. (Egan and Mullin, 2016) Lastly, Mullin and Egan discuss the problems with the perceived comfort of Americans and how this comfort will change. Climate models show that the trend of smaller increases in summer temperatures, and higher increases in winter temperatures of the past 40 years will soon reverse. Using their WPI data and two separate scenarios for Americans future by 2099, they calculated how “pleasant” the weather will most likely be. In the first scenario they calculated in weather pleasantness if greenhouse house emissions are stabilized shortly after 2100, and found that approximately 71% of American counties would experience a decrease in WPI score.