Participants
The general population group and participants for this study consisted of franchise
small business leaders 18 years or older in North Carolina with 3 years of marketing
strategy experience within the organization and use retention strategies on a regular basis
to retain customers. The five franchise small businesses represented the larger population
of franchise small businesses registered with the Chamber of Commerce. The selection of
individuals meeting set criteria is to gain understanding from key participants’
experiences (Suri, 2011). By identifying the selection criteria, the participant selection
process does not intend to target vulnerable populations. The rationale for selecting
participants that meet the selection criteria is to gain an understanding of the phenomenon
within relevant circumstances (Stake, 2006).
To gain access to participants, I contacted franchise small business leaders via
telephone and written correspondence (see Appendix A) to explain the purpose of the
study. I contacted the business leaders during business hours to schedule a date and time
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to meet with potential participants. According to Englander (2012), the researcher is
responsible for finding and selecting participants who meet the expected criteria of the
phenomenon. Robinson (2013) noted researchers can recruit participants via advertising
which includes methods such as, print, face-to-face, and online. Finding participants that
meet the criteria of the study is difficult and depending on the phenomenon an issue
(Englander, 2012).
To establish a working relationship with participants, I visited the small business
to introduce myself and explain information regarding the research study. The
relationship between the researcher and the participant is of shared influence, and they
are recognized individually (Rubin & Rubin, 2012). Therefore, researchers must address
ethical concerns that may arise such as acknowledging bias, building rapport, avoiding
exploitation, and maintaining confidentiality (Hanson, Balmer, & Giardino, 2011). The
researcher should manage his or her relationships with the participant to avoid a potential
exploitative relationship; therefore, the researcher should be mindful of ethical
implications (Houghton et al., 2013). Each participant received a letter of invitation (see
Appendix B) and a copy of the consent form that the participant signed at the time of the
interview (see Appendix C). Participants responded via e-mail and indicated their interest
to participate in the research study. I informed participants by e-mail of their scheduled
interview date and time.
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