Marketing communication: principles and practice



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73 Marketing communication principles and practice Richard J Varey

WHAT DO YOU THINK?
1 Review a product with which you are familiar. How do you ‘read’ the
marketing mix as a communicating system for that product? What
suggestions do you have for the managers responsible for marketing
communication?
2 If marketing communication managers attend to the ‘promotion mix’
and leave the rest of the marketing mix to managers in other departments,
what might be the consequences?
3 It has been said that marketing is everybody’s job; analyse the significance
of the coherent marketing mix from the customer’s perspective.
S O C I A L C O M M U N I C A T O R
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exchanges, but is not readily recognized by managers). For many donors and volunteers,
the cost is a lost opportunity in selecting one benefit over another (i.e. choosing what to
spend money, time, and effort on). Professional low-cost administration, timely information,
and competent, sympathetic, and trustworthy fundraisers, helpers, and administrators may
also be valued by donors and helpers, when the consideration is the maximizing of social
benefits.
The Royal National Institute for the Blind (RNIB) is the leading charity providing practical
support, advice, and information for the one million blind and partially sighted people in
the UK. For the RNIB, marketing is a philosophy of meeting needs in a businesslike manner
in a highly competitive volunteer and fundraising sector. RNIB employs more than 3,000 staff
and 750,000 volunteers at 40 sites, generating around £75m of income and providing around
60 services in the UK. RNIB has a strong brand in the UK and this is capitalized upon in printed
and TV editorial coverage. The major marketing task is the building of long-term
relationships, targeting limited promotional expenditure and service capacity through
market research and market segmentation. Trust is essential – both with the blind and
partially sighted people who are the beneficiaries and with the donors, so the RNIB brand
is critical. There is a very strong philosophy of service as the end, whereas businesses pursue
products and service only as a means to the end of profit, market share, and so on. It is
important to raise awareness of visual impairment and blindness and the role of the RNIB in
dealing with these conditions. Fundraising and getting people involved are the other
purposes. A comprehensive multifaceted website has linked the RNIB into the world market
for information, products, fundraising, and voluntary services. The website is a crucial means
for market education. Today, when succeeding, as they do, to get press coverage, RNIB
people need to ask interviewing journalists to mention the website in their article, and to
make sure that statements made on issues can be followed up on the website.
Marketing is growing in use, but marketers in the charity sector have to face particular
problems. First, those people depicted and represented in their advertising are not client,
audience, product, or customer. Do they thus have a voice or are they exploited objects?
The problems faced by a charity’s client group are those that society creates. In commercial
marketing, the offer is a way to be better off through getting (product benefits). In charity
advertising, the viewer is presented with the idea of becoming worse off by giving
(donations, etc). Charity advertising may not always be the bearer of a very attractive offer! 


4 Outline a programme of marketing communication activities that would
not be intended to persuade customers to purchase.
5 Consider the notion of a marketing communication life cycle in which
activities change to meet the communication needs of customers. Map
an outline to illustrate this.
6 If a corporation has both consumer and industrial products, to what
extent can their marketing communication activities be consolidated?
Illustrate with examples.
7 Write a brief specification for a marketing communication system that
supports the generative subsystem of the business.
8 Examine Table 7.11. Carry out a more detailed analysis of the advantages
and disadvantages of different means for communicating, using specific
information wherever possible.
9 Write a succinct statement that distinguishes marketing communication
from marketing communications.
10 Where might significant differences arise in the communication needs
of the provider and the consumer or buyer? How might managers deal
with this problem?

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