Mamun -university roman -german philology english department



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Diphtongs and monophtongs in M.E

OE Vowels (monophthongs)
The OE vowel system shows 7 points of short and long vowels.
ī ĭ y (short and long) ŭū
ēĕ ōŏ
æ (short and l) ăā
The peculiarity of OE vowels: it showed full symmetry.
Length of vowels was phonological, that is to say it could distingyish different words: gōd (=good NE) and gŏd (god NE)
In ME the following changes occurred (14th c)
Short: Long:
i u i: u:
e o e: o:
a e: o:
a:
The number of short vowels decreased, instead of 7 we find 5 (y-i, æ – a) these vowels merged.
The main process that took place in long vowels was narrowing (ē → e: æ (long)→e: ŏ→o: ā→o:) . The origin of a: it developed from short a in pen stressed syllables.
Changes of Unstressed Vowels in Early Old English
The development of vowels in unstressed syllables, final syllables in particular, was basically different Whereas in stressed position the number of vowels had grown (as compared with the PG system), due to the appearance of new Qualitative differences, the number of vowels distinguished in unstressed position had been reduced. In unstressed syllables, especially final, long vowels were shortened, and thus the opposition of vowels — long to short — was neutralised. It must also be mentioned that some short vowels in final unstressed syllables were dropped.
Unstressed Vowels IN MIDDLE ENGLISH AND EARLY NEW ENGLISH
In ME and NE the main direction of the evolution of unstressed vowels was the same as before; even in the pre-written period un­stressed vowels had lost many of their former distinctions, namely their differences in quantity as well as some of their differences in quality The tendency towards phonetic reduction operated in all the subsequent periods of history and was particularly strong in unstressed final syllables in ME.
In Early ME the pronunciation of unstressed syllables became increasingly indistinct. As compared to OE, which distinguished five short vowels in unstressed position Late ME had only two vowels in unaccented syl­lables: [d ] and [i ], which are never directly contrasted; this means that phonemic contrasts in unstressed vowels had beer, practically lost.


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