Mamun -university roman -german philology english department

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIALIZED
EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTON
UNIVERSITY
MAMUN -UNIVERSITY
ROMAN –GERMAN PHILOLOGY
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

COURSE PAPER

THEME : Dipthongs and monophtongs in M.E

Scientific supervisor: Jumaniyozova.Z
Done by: Husaynova.G
Group: 219

Khiva – 2022

Content
Introduction……………………………………………..
Chapter 1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT MONOPHTHONG AND DIPTHON.
I.1 Historical background monophthong and dipthong …………………………
I.2 Monophthongs in modern english………………..
I.3 Diphthongs in modern English……………………
Chapter 2. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCE OF MONOPHTHONG AND DIPHTHONG IN O.E AND M.E.
II.1 Similarities and differences of monophyhong in O.E and M.E……………………………………………………….
II.2 Similarities and differences of dipthong in O.E and M.E …….
Conclusion………………………………………………………….
List of used literature………………………………………….

Introduction
English vowel classification by stability, tension and length. Tongue position’s influence on articulation.
Vowels are sounds in which the air stream moves up from the lungs and through the vocal tract very smoothly; there’s nothing blocking or constricting it. The first sounds in the words extra, only, and apple are vowels. In general, every syllable has a vowel sound (although, as we saw in the last chapter, the consonants /n/, /l/, and /r/ can sometimes be stretched out to be a syllable in themselves). Vowels are the “heart” of syllables. When we compare American, British, Australian, or other varieties of English, we see that vowels differ much more than consonants. Within each of these varieties there are many dialects, and their vowels may also differ greatly. Sometimes people assume that there are five vowel sounds in English: A, E, I, O and U. However, this is a misconception. These are vowel letters, not vowel sounds. Each vowel letter can represent more than one sound. For example, the letter a can represent /æ/ as in hat, /ey/ as in hate, /ɑ/ as in car, or /ɛ/ as in care. Also, each vowel sound can be represented in more than one way in spelling: The sound /iy/ can be written as ee in seem, as ea in seal, as ie in piece, as ei in receipt, as ey in key, as i...e in machine, and perhaps more. There’s certainly not a one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds, and English has many more vowel sounds than vowel letters.
Classification
Basic criteria for classifying English vowels:
– pronunciation stability
– tongue bulk position in the mouth cavity (in its front, central, or back part)
– tongue bulk rise (high, mid, or low position)
– speech apparatus tension (muscular tongue tensioning)
– length
Front Vowels
If the tongue bulk is advanced to the front teeth (with the tongue’s front part touching the lower teeth) and the middle part is bent up, vowels formed thereby are front (monophthongs [i:], [e], [æ] and the [eә], [ei] diphthongs’ 1st elements).
Back Vowels
The [u:], [o:], [o] monophthongs and the [oi] diphthong’s 1st element form with the tongue bulk pulled back and its back part bent up.