Mamun -university roman -german philology english department

/ɪə/ This diphthong creates sounds similar to “ear” and most often occurs with letter combinations that include /ee/, /ie/ and /ea/. Examples: beer, near, pier
/ɔɪ/ This creates sounds similar to “boy” and most often occurs with letter combinations that include /oy/ and /oi/. Examples: oil, toy, coil
/ʊə/This diphthong creates sounds similar to “sure” and most occurs with letter combinations that include /oo/, /ou/, /u/, and /ue/. Examples: lure, pure, fur

Diphthongs in Dialects

One of the most interesting ways in which diphthongs relate to spoken language is in how they’ve evolved into regional accents and dialects from their languages of origin. In the borough Brooklyn, for example, when someone says, “Let the dog out,” the word dog contains a distinctive “aw” sound so that “the dog” becomes a “dawg.”
Chapter 2. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCE OF MONOPHTHONG AND DIPHTHONG IN O.E AND M.E.
II.1 Similarities and differences of monophyhong in O.E and M.E
The development of monophthongs in ME.
The OE close labialized vowels [y, y:] disappeared in early ME, in some dialects they were replaced by:
[y, y:] → e. e: in Kentish
i, i: in Wessex;
The long OE [a:] was narrowed to [o:] – stan OE – stone NE
11^th cent – monophthongization of OE diphthongs: æ˘ˉa>ā˘, ē˘ Eg: stream > strēm
eō˘>ē˘
1. the GVS, 14^th cent.
i: → ai time ME – time
e: → i: field ME – field
ε: → i: east ME – east
a: → ei table ME – table
כּ: → ou soo – so
o: → u: goos – goose
u: → au mous – mouse
au → כּ: cause – couse
24. The OE adj and its further development in ME&NE.
OE adj possess 3 categories:
1. gender (m, f, n);
2. number (sg, pl);
3. case (5).
Main features of the adj:
1. repeated the grammatical categories of noun that they modify;
2. 2 types of declension
a. strong (a, l, o - stems of noun; call, manig – always str.);
b. weak (n – stems, i, l, c, a – “same” – always weak);
3. 3 degrees of comparison:
a. Positive (scort)
b. comparative (-ra);
c. superlative (-est/ -ost);
Suppletive forms:
gōd – beltra – bet(e)st;
lүˉtel - læˉssa - læˉst
micel – māra - mæˉst (much)
R – лучший – лучше
4. 5 cases (Nom, Gen., Dat, Accus, Instr. (lүˉtte werede – малым войском).
In ME it became unchangeable part of speech (except for the degree of comparison). The first category to disappear was gender, the Inst case fused with Dat. But at the end of 13^th cent cases were lost.
In ME the degrees of comparison could be build in the same way, only the suffix had been weakened to –er; -est.
The changing of vowels in Early NE survived in old, elder, eldest where the difference in meaning from older – oldest made distinction. Also in father/ further.