«Mahalliy xomashyolar va ikkilamchi resurslar asosida innovatsion texnologiyalar»

References 
 
1. Tyutyunnikov B.N. Chemistry of fats. - M.: Chemistry, 1992. p.540 
2. Ruzmetova D.T., Salikhanova D.S., Abdurakhimov S.A., Sagdullaeva D.S. 
Development 
of 
technology 
for 
bleaching 
distilled 
fatty 
acids 
with local clay adsorbents // : monograph – Tashkent : Uzkitobsavdonashrioti, 
2021. 128 p. 
3. Ruzmetova D.T. Development of technology for bleaching distilled fatty acids 
with local clay adsorbents // dissertation doctors of Philosophy for tech. 
sciences, Tashkent, 132 p. 
 
 

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384 
RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICAL EFFICIENT 
TECHNOLOGY OF SOAP PRODUCTION ON THE BASIS OF LOCAL RAW 
MATERIALS 
Musaev S.Sh., Karimova S.O., Yuldosheva Kh.R., Ruzmetova D.T.,
Urgench State University 
Today, various industries in the country are developing rapidly, including the 
production of soap and detergents. However, if we analyze the activity of the soap 
industry in more depth, the raw materials for this direction are imported from abroad, 
especially from China, as semi-finished products. However, there are more than 
twenty oil companies in the country, which produce a mixture of fatty acids from 
soapstock, which is formed during the processing of oils. It is possible to use the 
same product as a raw material reserve for the field we are researching. However, the 
main part of fatty acids produced by oil companies in the country belongs to the 
soapstock of cottonseed oil, and the coloring pigment gossypol, which is present in 
cottonseed oil, contains a certain amount of fatty acids. As a result, the fatty acids 
produced become darker, which greatly limits their subsequent use. For this reason, 
the fatty acids of cotton soapstock are almost never used in the production of 
hygienic soaps today. 
Fatty acids obtained from cottonseed soap stock - a waste from the production of 
refined oils contain a significant amount of accompanying and coloring substances, 
i.e. phosphatides, gossypol, chlorophyll and their derivatives, which worsen the 
commercial properties of the acids obtained. In order to reduce the content of 
undesirable substances, the raw fatty acids of the cotton soap stock are distilled, 
where distillation residues are formed, i.e. gossypol resin, which is used in various 
sectors of the economy. Unfortunately, the fatty acids of cotton soap stock do not 
always meet the requirements of the standard, especially in terms of the content of 
coloring pigments, etc. 
Their residue in fatty acids reduces the rate of hydrogenation of unsaturated 
acids, worsens the whiteness of the resulting surfactants, and accelerates the process 
of their oxidation with active oxygen, which creates an unpleasant odor and 
deterioration of the resulting cosmetics. 
We have investigated by the contact method the purification of a mixture of 
fatty acids from cotton soap stock with a thermoactivated kaolin adsorbent obtained 
from enriched kaolin of the Angren deposit at a special laboratory installation. 
In the first experiments, we studied the sorption capacity of the selected 
adsorbent of the main components of crude fatty acids in cotton soap stock at 70 ° C, 
the intensity of phase mixing equal to 200 rpm. The amount of the added adsorbent 
was 3% of the total weight of fatty acids. 
The results of the experiments are shown in Fig. 1. 

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385 
1-palmitic acid; 2-linoleic acid; 
3-gossypol and its derivatives; 4-phospholipids 
Fig. 1. Change in the sorption activity of fatty acid components depending on 
the time of contact cleaning 
Fig. 1. It can be seen that the highest sorption activity is shown (curve 4) by 
phospholipids, which are classified as nonionic surfactants. On the contrary, gossypol 
and its derivatives exhibit the least (curve 3). 
An intermediate position is occupied by palmitic and linoleic acids, which are 
found in large quantities in cotton soap stock. Hence, the components of the raw fatty 
acids of cotton soap stock in terms of sorption activity are arranged in the following 
decreasing row: phospholipids> palmitic acid> linoleic acid> gossypol and its 
derivatives. It is known that the nature of phospholipids also affects the adsorption 
activity of clay, in particular kaolin, adsorbents. 
Following the realization of the possibility of bleaching the color of cottonseed 
soapstock fatty acids, in our next study, we plan to research the possibility of using 
this raw material in the process of creating cost-effective technology for soap 
production on the basis of local raw materials.