Bog'liq The Lucifer Effect Understanding How Good People Turn Evil ( PDFDrive )
Abu Ghraib's Abuses and T o r t u r e s 349
tors do their job more effectively. "Military intelligence has encouraged and told
us, 'Great job.' " "They usually don't allow others to watch them interrogate. But
since they like the way I run the prison, they have made an exception." He was
proud to report that his men were good at doing what they were asked to do, soft-
ening up detainees so they would give up the information interrogators wanted.
"We help getting them to talk with the way we handle them. . . . We've had a very
high rate with our style of getting them to break. They usually end up breaking
within hours."
Chip's messages home repeatedly noted that military intelligence teams,
which included CIA officers and linguists and interrogators from private defense
contractors, dominated all of the action that occurred in that dungeon facility of
Abu Ghraib. He told me that he could not identify any of these interrogators be-
cause they had deliberately made themselves anonymous. They rarely gave their
names and had no IDs on their uniform; in fact, most of them did not even wear a
military outfit. Chip's account squares with media accounts about the climate
created by General Sanchez's insistence that the best way to get actionable intelli-
gence from detainees was by extreme methods of interrogation and secrecy.
Some rules for U.S. military personnel at the prison made it easy for people to
duck responsibility for their actions, a factor that may also have opened the door
to abuse. According to an undated prison memo titled "Operational Guidelines,"
which covered the high-security cell block (Tier 1A), the acronym "MI [Military
Intelligence] will not be used in the area."
'Additionally, it is recommended that all military personnel in the segrega-
tion area reduce knowledge of their true identities to these specialized detainees.
The use of sterilized uniforms [cleansed of all identification] is highly suggested
and personnel should NOT address each other by true name and rank in the seg-
regation a r e a . "
3 3
The Army's own investigations revealed the truth of Frederick's descriptions
about the extreme strategies that were employed in the prison. They found that
interrogators had encouraged MP reservists working in the prison to prepare
Iraqi detainees for questioning, physically and mentally.
3 4
The traditionally estab-
lished line between MPs dealing only with detention procedures and military in-
telligence personnel working on intelligence gathering was blurred when these
reservists were recruited to assist in prepping detainees for coercive interrogation.
Military intelligence agents were also guilty of some of the worst abuses. For ex-
ample, in order to obtain information from one Iraqi general, interrogators
soaked down his sixteen-year-old son, smeared him with mud, and then drove
him naked out into the cold. Sergeant Samuel Provenance (Alpha Company,
3 0 2 n d Military Intelligence Battalion) reported to several news agencies that two
of the interrogators had sexually abused a female teenager and that other person-
nel were aware of this abuse. We will see in the next chapter that much worse
abuses were committed by any number of soldiers and civilians, in addition to
those by Chip Frederick's MP night shift crew.