T h e SPE's Meaning and Messages
217
it is both necessary (for) security and my business anyway." Indeed, he had
told me off. In a bizarre turn of events. I was put in my place for failing to
uphold the emerging norms of a simulated environment I had helped to
create by someone whom I had randomly assigned to his r o l e .
2 0
In considering the possible biasing of the guard orientation, we are reminded
that the prisoners had no orientation at all. What did they do when they were in
private and could escape the oppression they repeatedly experienced on the Yard?
Rather than getting to know one another and discussing nonprison realities, we
learned that they obsessed about the vicissitudes of their current situation. They
embellished their prisoner role rather than distancing from it. So, too, with our
guards: information we gathered about them when they were in their quarters
preparing to enter or leave a shift reveals that they rarely exchanged personal,
nonprison information. Instead, they talked about "problem prisoners," upcom-
ing prison issues, reactions to our staff—never the usual guy stuff that college
students might have been expected to share during a break. They did not tell
jokes, laugh, or reveal any personal emotion to their peers, which they easily
could have done to lighten the situation or distance themselves from the role. Re-
call Christina Maslach's earlier description of the transformation of the sweet,
sensitive young man she had just met into the brutish John Wayne once he was in
uniform and in his power spot on the Yard.
Adult Role-Playing in the SPE
I want to add two final points about the power of roles and the use of roles to jus-
tify transgression before moving to our final lessons. Let's go beyond the roles our
volunteers played to recall the roles played to the hilt by the visiting Catholic
priest, the head of our Parole Board, the public defender, and the parents on Vis-
iting Nights. The parents not only accepted our show of the prison situation as be-
nign and interesting rather than hostile and destructive, but they allowed us to
impose a set of arbitrary rules on them, as we had done to their children, to con-
strain their behavior. We counted on their playing the embedded roles of con-
forming, law-abiding, middle-class citizens who respect authority and rarely
challenge the system directly. Similarly, we knew that our middle-class prisoners
were unlikely to jump the guards directly even when they were desperate and out-
numbered them by as much as nine to two, when a guard was off the Yard. Such
violence was not part of their learned role behavior, as it might have been with
lower-class participants, who would be more likely to take matters into their own
hands. There was not even evidence that the prisoners even fantasized such physi-
cal attacks.
The reality of any role depends on the support system that demands it and
keeps it in bounds, not allowing alternate reality to intrude. Recall that when the
mother of Prisoner R i c h - 1 0 3 7 complained about his sad state. I spontaneously
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |