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The Lucifer Effect
setting, and has been a forensic psychologist in the San Francisco and California
corrections systems for more than twenty years. It was his moving testimony that
gave us the title of our video, Quiet Rage, as he talked about the sadistic impulse in
guards that must be guarded against because it is always there in situations of dif-
ferential power—ready to slip out, to explode, as a kind of "quiet rage." Part of
Doug's career has focused on helping inmates maintain a sense of dignity despite
their surroundings, and to enable guards and prisoners to coexist more amicably.
This is a case of the initial strongly negative effect of the SPE being transformed
into insight that has had enduring consequences for the individual and society.
There was much pain and much gain to the same research subject.
Guard Hellmann, the tough "John Wayne" macho guard, has been featured in all
of the televised portrayals of the study for his dominating role and the "creatively
evil" tasks and games he invented for the prisoners. We met recently at a lecture I
was giving, and he confided that, unlike Andy Warhol's fifteen minutes of fame,
which everyone gets once in a lifetime, the Stanford Prison Experiment has pro-
vided him with "fifteen minutes of infamy, permanently." In response to my re-
quest that he think about whether his participation may have had any positive
consequences on his life, he sent me this note:
Decades of carrying the baggage of life have softened the arrogant and in-
sensitive teenager that I was in 1 9 7 1 . If someone had told me that my ac-
tions had harmed any of the prisoners, my likely response would have
been "they're weaklings and sissies." But the memory of how I fell so
deeply into my role that I was blind to the suffering of others serves today
as a cautionary tale, and I think carefully about how I treat people. In fact,
some might find me overly sensitive for my role as a business owner, as I
sometimes hesitate to make decisions to, for example, fire non-performing
employees for fear that it would be a hardship to them."
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Guard Vandy explained some of the personal insight he gained from his experience
as the tough leader of his shift. During a follow-up evaluation a few months later,
he told us, "My enjoyment in harassing and punishing prisoners was quite un-
natural because I do tend to think of myself as being sympathetic to the injured,
especially animals. I think it was an outgrowth from my total freedom to rule the
prisoners; I began to abuse my authority. In view of this I have tried to realize
when I am being pushy or authoritarian and then correct it. I find it much easier
to examine it and realize just when I am behaving that way. I feel that now be-
cause of my ability to better understand it, that I have become less demanding
and bossy than I was before the experiment."
Carlo Prescott, our prison consultant, was released from San Quentin State Prison
only six months before his involvement in the SPE. He had been incarcerated in
several California prisons as well as in a California Youth Authority facility for
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