Lecture 2 translation history in the west and in the east. Plan: translation history in the west

MIRTEMIR also took a great part in translation. He translated the poem «Ruslan and Ludmila» by Pushkin (1948), «Who lives better in Russia» by Nekrasov (1953), verses and tales, «Hercules, who covered skin of tiger» by Shota Rustaveli.
Ibrohim Gafurov also translated E. Hemingway’s «An old man and the sea», which consists of two volumes, was published in 1963. In his translation he tried to give a national colour to the book. The translator used correctly in this example the Uzbek equivalent of weight measure instead of English pounds. I. Gafurov also translated Hemingway’s «Farewell to arms».
Uzbek translation was enriched with three worldwide works in
1970-1975:
1. Goethe's "Faust" (translated by E. Vohidov)
2. Dante's "Ecclesiastical comedy" (translated by A. Oripov)
3. Nozim Hikmat's "Picture of a person", (translated by R. Parfi).
Translations done from Western European languages reached us only through Russian before Independence. Owing to Independence many literal, historical and other works have been translating from English into Uzbek and vice versa. The initiators of such translations are again translators themselves. One of such translators of the XX-XXI centuries is G. Satimov. His contribution to translation is great. He translated W. Erskin’s «The history of India in the reign of Babur» in 1995 and L.P. Sharma’s «The Empire of Moguls» in 1998. We hope the XXI century will be the century of technical translation. No doubt that the scientists will work at the computerization of translation. More and more translators around the world are adding courses in translation.
Questions:

1. 
   Why translation has its own development in new century?
   

2. What English authors’ works were translated through Russian?
3. What translators did translate from Russian different novels?
4. What place gained the history of literal translation in XX century?
5. What scientists worked on different topics of translation and history of translation?
6. From what languages did Uzbek translators translate?

Kobo Abe ,,The woman in the Dunes’’

Robin Sharma ,,The monk who sold his Ferrari’’
Doyle ,,Detectives’’