Lecture 2 translation history in the west and in the east. Plan: translation history in the west

Translation in the X century
In the X century Khorazm translation school was founded. It had its own traditions; translators of that school translated many nasri, historical works written in verse into Turkic. Fictions, which became cultural values of different nations, were translated into Uzbek many centuries аgо. "Tahkikul viloyat" (Learning a country) written by Narshahi, "Khisrav and Shirin'' by N. Ganjavy, «Guliston» by S. Sherozy, «Zafarnoma» (Message of triumph) by Sh. Ali Yazdy, «Makhzanul Asror» by Nizomy, «Shayboninoma» by M. Solih, «Shohnoma», «Nasihatul-milk» (Advice to Kings), by Firdausi, «Kalila and Dimna», «Qobusnoma» are considered to be valuable among them.
Great thinker-scientist as Farabi, Beruni, Ibn Sina, and Makhmud Kashgari are considered translators of our ancient culture and literature.
Questions

1. 
   How was translation developed in Uzbekistan in the X century?
   
2. 
   What language was dominant at that time (VIII-X centuries)?
   
3. 
   What is artistic translation?
   
4. 
   What translators lived and worked in this period?
   
5. 
   Can we consider Al-Farghani, Farabi and Beruni as translators?
   

Translation in the XI-XII-XIII centuries
The poet of the XI century Unsuri was very much interested in
Beruni's translations. By the opinion of P.G. Bulgakov (scientist, who learned Beruni's literal activity) Unsuri used Beruni's translation, when he wrote his Persian Epos.
Makhmud koshgari. He was a compatriot of Beruni and Ibn Sino, wrote valuable dictionary "Devonu lugati turk". He gave words of different dialects of Turkic tribes and their Arabic equivalents. When Mutalibov translated «Devoni lugati turk» (Selection of Turkic words) from Arabian into Uzbek he described Koshgari as a talented man of his period. He lived in the XI century. Koshgari visited many places where the Turkic language was spoken and he learned it. He gathered and learned the different peculiarities of the language and tried to reveal the difference in their properties. The words were divided into names and verbs.