|
Kislota va asoslarning % konsentratsiyasi va zichligi
(15°C da)
% konsent-ratsiyasi
|
Eritmalarning zichligi
|
H2SO4
|
HNO3
|
HCl
|
CH3COOH
|
KOH
|
NaOH
|
NH3
|
4
|
1,027
|
1,022
|
1,019
|
1,0052
|
1,033
|
1,046
|
0,983
|
8
|
1,055
|
1,044
|
1,039
|
1,0113
|
1,065
|
1,092
|
0,967
|
12
|
1,083
|
1,068
|
1,059
|
1,0171
|
1,100
|
1,137
|
0,953
|
16
|
1,112
|
1,093
|
1,079
|
1,0228
|
1,137
|
1,181
|
0,939
|
20
|
1,143
|
1,119
|
1,100
|
1,0284
|
1,176
|
1,225
|
0,926
|
24
|
1,174
|
1,145
|
1,121
|
1,0337
|
1,217
|
1,268
|
0,913
|
28
|
1,205
|
1,171
|
1,142
|
1,0388
|
1,263
|
1,310
|
0,903
|
32
|
1,238
|
1,198
|
1,163
|
1,0436
|
1,310
|
1,352
|
0,893
|
36
|
1,273
|
1,225
|
1,183
|
1,0481
|
1,358
|
1,395
|
0,884
|
40
|
1,307
|
1,251
|
|
1,0523
|
1,411
|
1,437
|
|
44
|
1,342
|
1,277
|
|
1,0562
|
1,460
|
1,473
|
|
48
|
1,380
|
1,303
|
|
1,0598
|
1,511
|
1,519
|
|
52
|
1,419
|
1,328
|
|
1,0631
|
1,564
|
1,560
|
|
Davomi
% konsent-ratsiyasi
| Eritmalarning zichligi |
H2SO4
|
HNO3
|
HCl
|
CH3COOH
|
KOH
|
NaOH
|
NH3
|
56
|
1,460
|
1,351
|
|
1,0660
|
1,616
|
1,601
|
|
60
|
1,503
|
1,373
|
|
1,0685
|
|
1,643
|
|
64
|
1,547
|
1,394
|
|
1,0707
|
|
|
|
68
|
1,594
|
1,412
|
|
1,0725
|
|
|
|
72
|
1,640
|
1,429
|
|
1,0740
|
|
|
|
76
|
1,687
|
1,445
|
|
1,0747
|
|
|
|
80
|
1,732
|
1,460
|
|
1,0748
|
|
|
|
84
|
1,776
|
1,474
|
|
1,0742
|
|
|
|
88
|
1,808
|
1,486
|
|
1,0726
|
|
|
|
92
|
1,830
|
1,496
|
|
1,0696
|
|
|
|
98
|
1,840
|
1,504
|
|
1,0644
|
|
|
|
100
|
1,838
|
1,522
|
|
1,0553
|
|
|
|
Jadval 6, 7 eritmaning nisbiy zichligi d4t, t °C da, suvning 4 °C dagi zichligiga mos ravishda keltirilgan.
Jadval 7
Tuzlar eritmalarining % konsentratsiyasi va zichligi
(20°C da)
% konsent-ratsiyasi
|
Tuzlar eritmalarining zichligi
|
|
|
% konsent-ratsiyasi
|
Tuzlar eritmalarining zichligi
|
|
|
tarkibi
|
|
|
|
tarkibi
|
|
|
|
|
NaCl
|
Na2CO3
|
BaCl2
|
|
NaCl
|
Na2CO3
|
BaCl2
|
1
|
1,005
|
1,009
|
|
12
|
1,086
|
1,124
|
1,113
|
2
|
1,013
|
1,019
|
1,016
|
14
|
1,101
|
1,146
|
1,134
|
4
|
1,027
|
1,040
|
1,034
|
16
|
1,116
|
|
1,156
|
6
|
1,041
|
1,061
|
1,053
|
18
|
1,132
|
|
1,179
|
8
|
1,056
|
1,082
|
1,072
|
20
|
1,148
|
|
1,203
|
10
|
1,071
|
1,103
|
1,092
|
22
|
1,164
|
|
1,228
|
Jadval 8
Elektrolitlarning dissotsialanish darajasi (18°C)
Elektrolitlar nomi
|
Formula
|
Dissotsialanish darajasi (% da)
|
|
|
1 n.
|
0,1 n.
|
1. Kislotalar
|
|
|
|
Nitrat
|
HNO3
|
82
|
92
|
Xlorid
|
HCl
|
78
|
92
|
Bromid
|
HBr
|
—
|
92
|
Yodid
|
HI
|
—
|
92
|
Ftorid
|
HF
|
—
|
8,5
|
Sulfat
|
H2SO4
|
51
|
58
|
Sulfid
|
H2S
|
—
|
0,07
|
Sulfit
|
H2SO3
|
—
|
34
|
Karbonat
|
H2CO3
|
—
|
0,17
|
Ortofosfat
|
H3PO4
|
—
|
27
|
Ortoborat
|
H3BO3
|
—
|
0,01
|
Sirka
|
CH3COOH
|
0,4
|
1,3
|
Oksolat
|
H2C2O4
|
—
|
31
|
2. Asoslar
|
|
|
|
Kaliy gidrokoid
|
KOH
|
77
|
91
|
Natriy gidroksnd
|
NaOH
|
78
|
91
|
Ammoniy gidraksid
|
NH4OH
|
0,4
|
1,3
|
Bariy gidrokoid
|
Ba(OH)2
|
—
|
80
|
Kalsiy gidroksid
|
Ca(OH)2
|
—
|
78
|
3. Tuzlar
|
|
|
|
Natriy xlorid
|
NaCl
|
67
|
84
|
Kaliy xlorid
|
KCl
|
75
|
86
|
Kaliy nitrat
|
KNO3
|
64
|
83
|
Kaliy sulfat
|
K2SO4
|
53
|
71
|
Mis (II) sulfat
|
CuSO4
|
—
|
40
|
Natriy atsetat
|
CH3COONa
|
53
|
79
|
Natriy sulfat
|
Na2SO4
|
45
|
69
|
Ammoniy xlorid
|
NH4Cl
|
74
|
85
|
Kaliy atsetat
|
CH3COOK
|
64
|
—
|
Kumush nitrat
|
AgNO3
|
58
|
81
|
Natriy gidrokarbonat
|
NaHCO3
|
52
|
—
|
Jadval 9
Kuchsiz elektrolitlarning dissotsialanish konstantalari
(25°C da)
Elektrolitning nomi
|
Formula
|
Dissotsialanish konstantasi uchun ifoda
|
K
|
Nitrat kislota
|
HNO2
|
|
410—5
|
Ortoborat kislota
|
H3BO3
|
|
5,810—10
|
|
|
|
1,810—13
|
Tetraborat kislota
|
H2B4O7
|
|
1,810—4
|
Chumoli kislota
|
HCOOH
|
|
1,7710—4
|
Sulfit kislota
|
H2SO3
|
|
1,5810—2
|
|
|
|
6,3110—8
|
Sulfid kislota
|
H2S
|
|
610—8
|
|
|
|
610—8
|
Sianid kislota
|
HCN
|
|
7,910—10
|
Karbonat kislota
|
H2CO3
|
|
4,4510—7
|
|
|
|
4,6910—11
|
Sirka kislota
|
CH3COOH
|
|
1,75410—5
|
Ortofosfatkislota
|
H3PO4
|
|
7,5210—3
|
|
|
|
6,3110—8
|
|
|
|
1,2610—13
|
Oksolat kislota
|
(COOH)2
|
|
5,410—2
|
|
|
|
5,410—5
|
Ammoniy gidroksid
|
NH4OH
|
|
1,7910—5
|
Suv
|
H2O
|
|
1,8610—16
|
Jadval 10
Qiyin eruvchan moddalarning eruvchanlik ko‘paytmasi
(xona temperaturasida)
Modda
|
EK
|
Modda
|
EK
|
AgBr
|
7,710—13
|
FeS
|
410—19
|
AgCN
|
2,010—12
|
HgS
|
410—53
|
AgSCN
|
1,010—12
|
Hg2Cl2
|
210—18
|
AgCl
|
1,610—10
|
Mg(OH)2
|
510—12
|
Ag2CO3
|
6,210—12
|
MgS
|
2,010—15
|
Ag2CrO4
|
4,0510—12
|
Mn(OH)2
|
410—14
|
Ag2Cr2O7
|
110—10
|
MnS
|
1,410—15
|
AgI
|
8,310—17
|
NiCO3
|
1,410—7
|
Ag3PO4
|
1,310—20
|
Ni(OH)2
|
710—14
|
Al(OH)3
|
1,910—33
|
PbCO3
|
1,510—13
|
BaCO3
|
8,010—9
|
RbCl2
|
1,710—5
|
BaC2O4
|
1,710—7
|
PbCrO4
|
1,810—14
|
BaCrO4
|
2,310—10
|
PbI2
|
8,710—9
|
BaSO4
|
1,110—10
|
Pb(OH)2
|
210—16
|
CaCO3
|
4,810—9
|
PbS
|
110—29
|
CaC2O4
|
2,610—9
|
PbSO4
|
210—8
|
CaSO4
|
6,110—5
|
Sb2S3
|
1,010—30
|
CdS
|
110—29
|
H2SiO3
|
1,010—10
|
Cr(OH)3
|
7,010—31
|
SnS
|
110—28
|
Cu(OH)2
|
1,610—19
|
SrCO3
|
110—9
|
CuS
|
410—38
|
SrC2O4
|
5,610—8
|
FeCO3
|
2,5
|
SrSO4
|
2,810—7
|
Fe(OH)2
|
4,8
|
Zn(OH)2
|
510—17
|
Fe(OH)3
|
4
|
ZnS
|
810—26
|
Jadval 11
Kompleks birikmalarning beqarorlik konstantalari
Kompleks formulasi
|
Beqarorlik konstantasi uchun ifoda
|
Beqararlik konstantasining son qiymati
|
[Ag(NH3)2]+
|
|
6,810—8
|
[Ag(S2O3)2]3—
|
|
1,010—13
|
[Ag(CN)2]—
|
|
110—21
|
[Cu(NH3)4]2+
|
|
2,110—13
|
[Cu(CN)4]2—
|
|
510—28
|
[Cd(CN)4]2—
|
|
1,410—17
|
[Cd(NH3)4]2—
|
|
110—7
|
[HgI4]2—
|
|
510—31
|
[Hg(SCN)4]2—
|
|
110—22
|
[Zn(NH3)4]2+
|
|
3,510—10
|
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