Khankeldiev Sh. Kh. Regional features of the physical status of youth students fergana 2022 Reviewer

2.2. THE EFFECT OF MOTOR ACTIVITY ON A GROWING ORGANISM
It is known that one of the main features of the human body is its ability to perform a wide variety of movements through muscular activity, the motor skills characteristic of a person are formed during his individual evolution, in which motor activity plays the role of the main means of communication of the body with the environment, being an external manifestation of mental activity, human movements are improved as the central nervous system develops. systems.
In this regard, the statement of I.M. Sechenov is interesting, who wrote "All the infinite variety of external manifestations of brain activity is reduced to one phenomenon - muscle movement." Subsequently, the influence of muscular activity on a variety of physiological processes, on the improvement and formation of certain systems and especially the central nervous system has been shown in numerous studies.
I.A.Arshavsky, studying the role of motor skills in the development of the body, came to the conclusion that the energy processes that determine the working capabilities of the body and the corresponding change in the activity of the motor and cardiovascular systems are determined by the peculiarities of the development and formation of the motor analyzer and the active activity of skeletal muscles.
Based on this, he formulated the so-called "energy rule of skeletal muscles", which makes it possible to understand not only the specific features of the physiological functions of the body in different age periods, but also the degree of vital activity of the whole organism, and in particular, the mechanisms of maintaining a particular life expectancy.
A.V. Korobkov pointed out that the intensity of metabolic reactions, the regulation of a number of processes related to tissue graphics and other functions, depends on the conditionally and unconditionally reflex interaction of various analyzers and the motor analyzer. In this regard, violations of the function of the latter cause disorders in the integral system of regulation of the vital activity of the organism as a whole, and the restriction of motor activity can be characterized as stress caused primarily by a drop in information associated with a decrease in its volume due to a violation of the optimal number of muscle contractions.
Under the influence of optimal motor activity, very diverse positive changes occur, especially in the developing body. There is an increase in the efficiency of the cells of the cerebral cortex and their resistance to unusual stimuli, an improvement in the analytical and synthetic activity of the central nervous system and the interaction of two signaling systems. In this regard, M.V.Antropova revealed a great positive effect of increased motor activity on the mental activity of students. It was found that children with a high level of development of motor qualities are more resistant to both physical and mental stress.
Currently, there is no doubt that high motor activity has a positive effect on the growth and development of the whole organism, the degree of functioning of its individual systems, and ultimately on its performance.
The question of the impact of insufficient motor activity on the human body has long been of interest to various specialists: from teachers to clinicians. The first were interested in issues largely related to improving the physical performance of the human body, and the second - with the possibility of faster rehabilitation of patients after prolonged lying down.
A sharp and prolonged restriction of human motor activity leads to a change in the functioning of almost all organs and systems of the body, which negatively affects human health. In this regard, insufficient motor activity began to be called "hypo dynamic" or "hyperkinesia", i.e. a phenomenon in which there is a violation of the balance between the normal functioning of the body and its motor activity. It causes negative shifts in the human body. Under these conditions, it becomes difficult to control motor function and vegetative physiological processes, while changes occur in the activity of the internal secretion system.
The consequences of hyperkinesia cover all organs and tissues living organisms. Limitation of mobility in humans leads, first of all, to changes in the functional state of the cardiovascular system, increased heart rate at rest, shortening of the diastole, mechanical and general systole, to a decrease in vascular tone and phases of the cardiac cycle. At the same time, there is a deterioration in the adaptive reactions of the blood circulation to physical work.
The most important integral indicator characterizing the effects of hyperkinesia on the human body is the change in the stability of its biological systems to adverse environmental factors, especially people permanently living in conditions of high ambient temperature. The lack of movement observed in these regions is one of the factors in the development of a number of severe chronic diseases of internal organs and metabolism.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a decrease in the level of motor activity leads to a noticeable increase in the number of cardiovascular diseases in all economically developed countries of the world. Therefore, it is natural that much attention is currently being paid to the issue of studying motor activity (and especially in children).
Monitoring the impact of the scientific and technological revolution that has engulfed the industrialized countries of the world has significantly changed the living conditions of people and especially the younger generation.
Mechanization and automation of production processes, the system of living conditions of people significantly reduced physical activity, creating favorable conditions for them for the hypo dynamic factor. Restriction of motor activity of children and young students causes a delay in the development of the cardiovascular system, which is expressed in a noticeable increase in heart rate, increased breathing rhythm and other phenomena.
To date, there are numerous data on low motor activity of the younger generation. The lifestyle of a modern schoolboy is characterized by sharply limited motor activity. Especially it drops sharply with the admission of children to school (by at least 50%), and every year there is an increasing decrease. Comparative studies of the motor regime of preschool children and those who have started school show that children's motor acts are sharply reduced after they enter school. In older students, this trend is even more increasing.
The timing of the working time of high school students shows that during the school year in the daily life of students, physical labor, outdoor games, physical exercises account for no more than 6-8% of the total time, sleep up to 40%, mental work -33-35%, other activities - 17-20% of the time.
A particularly sharp decrease in motor activity during the day in children and adolescents is observed in secondary schools of a special orientation with in-depth study of individual subjects, when 26% of primary, 48% of secondary and 62% of high school students actually do not receive motor activity in physical education classes.
Low motor activity of students cannot but worry teachers, doctors, hygienists, since a decrease in the number of active physical activity inevitably leads to the manifestation of inactivity with all its undesirable phenomena and, above all, a decrease in working capacity and an earlier onset of fatigue.
Even short-term limitations of motor activity and physical activity cause noticeable functional disorders in schoolchildren. Systematic reduction of time for motor activity is undesirable in the education and upbringing of children and adolescents. Restriction of muscular activity has an undesirable effect on the physical development of schoolchildren, creating prerequisites for excessive weight gain, negatively affects the growth of the body in length, adversely affects the health and development of the body. With low motor activity, the range of adaptive reactions of the body narrows, performance is not restored.
There are irrefutable data showing that the level of physical development and physical fitness of schoolchildren are largely interrelated with motor activity.
Consequently, in the deterioration of the functional state of students, their health, reduced performance and academic performance, slowing down physical development and physical fitness, an important place among other factors is occupied by insufficient muscle activity during the school day, At the same time, both insufficient and excessive motor activity leads to undesirable phenomena in the conditions of the body.
An increased amount of motor load can become a prerequisite for chronic fatigue, that is, overwork, or a pathological process accompanied by profound changes in the body, which requires a long time to eliminate, a special regime and even medication. The cardiovascular system is particularly susceptible to this. This phenomenon can be observed in young athletes with improper organization of the training process, in which too much time is devoted to highly specialized training instead of general physical training aimed at the harmonious improvement of those involved. But also, long-term one-time loads associated with the manifestation of motor activity without special training can cause a significant increase in excitability and a decrease in performance during the school day.
Thus, muscular activity is an important factor in the self-regulation of the body and can lead to significant changes in its condition, therefore, motor activity should correspond not to maximum, but to optimal levels that would contribute to the favorable formation of the body of students.
Irrational organization of the daily routine, systematic and prolonged decreases in motor activity, an increase in statistical loads instead of dynamic ones contributes to a significant increase in physical inactivity in schoolchildren with the influence of regional factors, which is characterized by a complex of disorders of the body system, in particular, of a loco motor nature, vegetative functions, metabolic processes, while reducing performance. Disorders caused by inactivity are eliminated by the introduction of such a motor regime, in which the deficit of muscular activity is eliminated.
The students had an increase in motor activity after being in an educational institution with a strict daily routine, which is explained by the replenishment of the natural motor needs of a growing organism. In athletes, after the maximum training load, spontaneous motor activity decreases during rest hours. Thus, the tendency to maintain motor activity at a certain level reflects the presence of the biological need of the human body for movement. However, motor activity after a long stay in conditions with limited muscle activity decreases sharply. Apparently, the optimal level of motor activity is formed and established as an element of a life stereotype. The motor activity of young students is determined not so much by the biological need for motor actions, as by social factors: the organization of the educational process and the conditions of the external environment of regional significance.
At the same time, the daily routine should be saturated with movements to such an extent that at least 52-56% of the total daily energy consumption is spent on their repayment. Such a norm is mandatory and deviation from it in the direction of decrease can lead to inactivity.
The scientific and technological revolution that has captured modern society has significantly reduced the opportunities for the free manifestation of natural forms of movement, which gave rise to the manifestation of hypo dynamic.
The problem of the influence of the hypo dynamic factor on the body of the younger generation living in specific conditions, when in certain periods of the year the ambient temperature is much higher than the body temperature and creates significant problems for the organization of educational and sports activities of students, has been completely little studied.