Karshi state university foreign language faculty departament foreign language and literature

1.2Types of sentences according to types of communication
Sentences belonging to the several types differ from each other in some grammatical points, too. Thus, interrogative sentences are characterized by a special word order. In interrogative sentences very few modal words are used, as the meanings of some modal words are incompatible with the meaning of an interrogative sentence. It is clear that modal words expressing full certainty, such as certainly, surely, naturally, etc., cannot appear in a sentence expressing a question. On the other hand, the modal word indeed, with its peculiar shades of meaning, is quite possible in interrogative sentences, for instance, Isn't so indeed? There are also sentences which might be termed semi-interrogative. The third sentence in the following passage belongs to this type:«⁴Well, I daresay that's more revealing about poor George than you. At any rate, he seems to have survived it». «Oh, you've seen him»? She did not particularly mark her question for an answer, but it was, after all, the pivot-point, and Bone found himself replying - that indeed he had. The sentence Oh, you've seen him? is half-way between the affirmative declarative sentence, You have seen him, and the interrogative sentence, Have you seen him? Let us proceed to find out the precise characteristics of the sentence in the text as against the two sentences just given for the sake of comparison. From the syntactical viewpoint, the sentence is declarative, as the mutual position of subject and predicate is, you have seen, not have you seen, which would be the interrogative order. In what way or ways does it, then, differ from a usual declarative sentence? That is where the question of the intonation comes in. Whether the question mark at the end of the sentence does or does not mean that the intonation is not that typical of a declarative sentence, is hard to tell, though it would rather seem that it does. To be certain about this a phonetic experiment should be undertaken, but in this particular case the author gives a context which itself goes some way toward settling the question. The author's words, She did not particularly mark tier question for an answer, seem to refer to the intonation with which it was pronounced: the intonation must not have been clearly interrogative, that is not clearly rising, though it must have differed from the regular falling intonation to some extent: if it had not been at all different, the sentence could not have been termed a «question», and the author does call it a question. Reacting to this semi-interrogative intonation, Bone answered in the affirmative. It seems the best way, on the whole, to term such sentences semi-interrogative. Their purpose of course is to utter a somewhat hesitating statement and to expect the other person to confirm it.
Imperative sentences also show marked peculiarities in the use of modal words. It is quite evident, for example, that modal words expressing possibility, such as perhaps, maybe, possibly, are incompatible with the notion of order or request. Indeed, modal words are hardly used at all in imperative sentences.
The notion of exclamatory sentences and their relation to the three established types of declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences presents some difficulty. It would seem that the best way to deal with it is this. On the one hand, every sentence, whether⁵ narrative, interrogative, or imperative, may be exclamatory at the same time, that is, it may convey the speaker's feelings and be characterized by emphatic intonation and by an exclamation mark in writing. On the other hand, a sentence may be purely exclamatory, that is, it may not belong to any of the three types classed above. This would be the case in the following examples: «Well, fiddle-dee-dee!» said Scarlett. Oh, for God's sake, Henry! However, it would perhaps be better to use different terms for sentences which are purely exclamatory, and thus constitute a special type, and those which add an emotional element to their basic quality, which is either declarative, or interrogative, or imperative. If this view is endorsed, we should have our classification of sentences according to type of communication thus modified:
The four different kinds of sentences in English — declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory — allow us to express ourselves clearly. Using a variety of sentences in your writing will add interest and help you get your ideas across effectively. Keep reading for explanations of each type of sentence with examples so you can get your point across.

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  Declarative
  
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  Interrogative
  
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  Imperative
  
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  Exclamatory
  

This view would avoid the awkward contradiction of exclamatory sentences constituting a special type and belonging to the first three types at the same time.
Declarative sentences declarative sentence "declares" or states a fact, arrangement or opinion. A declarative sentence simply makes a statement or expresses an opinion. In other words, it makes a declaration. This kind of sentence ends with a period. Declarative sentences can be either positive or negative. A declarative sentences ends with a period (.). Examples
1. I'll meet you at the train station.
2. The sun rises in the East.
Examples of this sentence type: «I want to be a good writer.” (makes a statement)
“My friend is a really good writer.” (expresses an opinion)
The imperative takes no subject as 'you' is the implied subject. The imperative form ends with either a period (.) or an exclamation point (!).
An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. It usually ends with a period but can, under certain circumstances, end with an exclamation point.
Examples of this sentence type:
3. He doesn't get up early.
Imperative The imperative commands (or sometimes requests).
Examples :
1. Open the door.
2. Finish your homework
The interrogative asks a question. In the interrogative form the auxiliary verb precedes the subject which is then followed by the main verb(, Are you coming ....?). The interrogative form ends with a question mark (?)
. Examples
1. How long have you lived in France? 2. When does the bus leave?
3. Do you enjoy listening to classical music?
An interrogative sentence asks a question. This type of sentence often begins with who, what, where, when, why, how, or do, and it ends with a question mark.
Examples of this sentence type:
“When are you going to turn in your writing assignment?”
“Do you know what the weather will be tomorrow?”
Exclamatory: The exclamatory form emphasizes a statement (either declarative or imperative) with an exclamation point (!).
Examples 1. Hurry up! 2. That sounds fantastic!
An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses great emotion such as excitement, surprise, happiness and anger, and ends with an exclamation point.
Examples of this sentence type:
“It is too dangerous to climb that mountain!”
“I got an A on my book report!”
Learning about the different types of sentences and punctuation will help students become better writers by enabling them to convey various types of information and emotion in their writing.
Using Different Sentence Types in Your Writing:
Though⁶ declarative sentences are by far the most common sentence type, they can lead to dull writing if used exclusively. Take the following paragraph as an example: I will show you how to make a snowflake. Paper snowflakes are easy to make and can even get addictive once you learn the techniques. The steps outlined below will help you get started. All three of these sentences are declarative, so the piece begins to sound a little flat. By contrast,⁷ see what happens when a variety of sentence types are used instead: Are you ready to learn how to make snowflakes? Paper snowflakes are easy to make, but be careful! They can get addictive once you learn the basic techniques. Follow the steps below to get started.As you can see, the second paragraph used one of each of the sentence types, and the result is a more interesting piece. This is appropriate for writing with a casual, friendly tone, and in many works of creative writing. Be careful with more formal writing. In the case of expository writing, declarative sentences are the most appropriate choice
Choosing the Right Type of Sentence: Using the right type of sentence in your writing depends on your intention. Decide what you want to say with the following guide:
To relay information or to answer a question, use a declarative sentence.
To ask a direct question, choose an interrogative sentence.
To tell someone what to do, use an imperative sentence.
To show extra emotion, use an exclamatory sentence (but use these sparingly).
Activities to Help Your Child Learn about the Types of Sentences they are:
There are plenty of activities you can do with your child to help him learn about the different kinds of sentences. For example, sit down with your child and read his favorite books together. Have him identify statements, questions, commands, and exclamations. You can also read from magazines, web sites, song lyrics – any medium that is fun and interesting to your child. This next activity is a good example of how punctuation impacts the message of a sentence. Have your child say or write an exclamation. Turn it into a statement by replacing the exclamation point with a period. Discuss with your child how the change in punctuation changes the tone and feeling of the sentence. Another fun activity is to have a conversation with your child using only one type of sentence. Pick a topic that interests her and encourage her to be creative with her responses. This activity will illustrate the importance of different kinds of sentences in speech and writing.
If you think your child needs one-on-one writing instruction, Writing offers individualized writing classes for elementary, middle, and high school students. Our online elementary school writing course teaches students to write and revise examples of the four types of sentences – statements, commands, questions, and exclamations. We also offer an interactive middle school writing class and high school writing class in basic mechanics that helps students enhance their writing skills by understanding and using punctuation to create different types of sentences.Writing offers popular writing classes for gifted students, after school enrichment, remediation and as a summer school alternative. All of the Time Writing online lessons are led by certified writing teachers who provide valuable feedback for every writing assignment. These writing classes help students form and strengthen the foundation for strong writing skills in elementary school, middle school, high school, and beyond. Declarative,” “interrogative,” and “imperative” are grammatical labels, while “statement,” “command,” and “question” describe type of speech act. The major sentence types correspond to these types, and are found in every language. There are also minor, less well-described types, such as explanative. Boundaries between sentence types are not water-tight. A command can be phrased using a statement, or as a question, with a difference in illocutionary force. A question may imply a statement rather than seeking information or pronounced with command intonation, and then be understood as a plea, a request, or an order. The versatility of sentence types is often rooted in cultural conventions and strategies of “saving face.” Speech acts reflect numerous communicative tasks, and can be mapped onto the sentence types in a specific way. The number of sentence types in a given language is finite, while the number of potential communicative tasks can be open-ended.