ILMIY AXBOROTNOMA
IQTISODIYOT
2017-yil, 2-son
At present, the Silk Road’s greatest tourism potential lies in developing cultural and historical
attractions and ecotourism. The ancient Silk Road left a legacy of fascinating places to visit. Ancient
mosques, emperors’ tombs and relics can be found throughout the region. For instance, Samarkand’s
Registan Square in Uzbekistan, a complex of three madrassahs (Islamic colleges), is considered one of
the greatest Islamic monuments in the world. Xi’an (Shaanxi) has the world famous terracotta
warriors. The Mogao Grottoes in Gansu Province have 491 caves preserved with 2 400 sculptures and
45 000 square metres of mural paintings, with the earliest dating back to A.D. 366. The other high-
potential regional tourism subsector is ecotourism. The Silk Road contains some of the most scenic
landscapes in Asia, and the low population density in much of the region offers the potential for
excellent nature and other outdoor tourism activities. Diverse landscapes featuring high mountains,
glaciers, caves, lakes, rivers, hot springs and steppes can be found throughout the region.
Energy
The Silk Road has the potential to become a significant supplier to help meet the world’s
energy needs. Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are among the leading countries in the world
in terms of oil reserves and natural gas. Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan harbour vast hydropower potential,
while Xinjiang has the largest reserves of oil, natural gas and coal in China.
Mining
The Silk Road countries hold some of the world’s largest shares of several minerals. For
example, Kazakhstan holds one third of the world’s chromium and manganese deposits and has among
the world’s largest reserves of iron ore (eighth), coal (eighth), uranium (second), gold (eighth) and
copper (fourth). Kyrgyzstan is most noted for its gold reserves, which also constitute about one third
of its exports. Uzbekistan is among the world’s largest uranium and gold reserve countries. Tajikistan
has rich reserves of silver, gold and other precious metals.
Agro-business
The Silk Road contains highly fertile soil suitable for growing cash crops and speciality crops.
Agrobusiness is therefore historically important for all economies in the region.
Huge and sparsely populated territory and diverse climatic conditions make Kazakhstan ideal
for developing agro-business. Kazakhstan is the six biggest wheat exporter in the world. The country
produces approximately 13 million tons of wheat on average annually, of which between 2 and 8
million tons is exported, mainly to destinations in Europe (including the Russian Federation and
Ukraine), northern Africa and Central Asia.
In Kyrgyzstan the main agricultural products are grain (wheat and barley), vegetables, cotton
and tobacco. Vegetables, especially onions, are a major export product. The country grows a large
amount of potatoes, but only 1% of the harvest is actually processed because of lack of appropriate
facilities. Fruits and nuts are another speciality, but the volumes processed are low.
Cotton is also important for neighbouring Uzbekistan, which is one of the world’s largest
cotton producers. Other important agricultural products include raw silk, fruits and vegetables,
significant quantities of which are exported to its neighbouring countries.
Other countries of Central Asia are important producers and exporters of a variety of
agricultural products, ranging from fruit and cotton to edible oils and vegetables. However, only small
portions of these products are processed before they are consumed or exported.
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