Issn 2091-5446 ilmiy axborotnoma научный вестник scientific journal


Political and economic developments since 1991



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Political and economic developments since 1991 
The break-up of the former Soviet Union in 1991 dramatically transformed the political  and 
economic landscape of the modern Silk Road. In a short period, the various territories that made up the 
former Soviet Union became  independent sovereign states. Under the former Soviet Union, the 
Central Asian territories were integrated into the Soviet economic system. Specialized production and 
trading of unique resources were often allocated to the various regions. However, the break-up of the 
former Soviet Union left all of the newly independent Central Asian countries landlocked, with small 
markets, jigsaw puzzle-like borders and insignificant external markets. Not surprisingly, the Central 
Asian economies initially suffered severe economic contraction during their transition following 
independence. Trade within Central Asia collapsed after the dissolution of the former Soviet Union 
because trade links were broken and transit was impeded by new border restrictions. Newly erected 
border barriers and political turmoil in the region saw intraregional trade decline 
Many of the Central Asian economies have received a strong boost from the oil, gas and 
mining sectors. Most countries enjoyed healthy economic growth in the last decade, and  have seen 
vibrant recovery from the world economic crisis. In 2011, all Central Asian economies recorded 
growth above 7% – the most dynamic among all sub-regions of Asia. Benefits from China’s economic 
growth spurt have trickled down to western China, including the four provinces covered by this 
investment guide, with more resources and economic activities flowing to the region. 

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