Special territorial characteristics and problems of formation of labor migration in uzbekistan
Аbstract
Выше представленная диаграмма показывает нам, что, примерно, половина
опрошенных отмечает о близости и удобном расположении ЦГУ, но мнение остальных людей
расходится. Также при интервью с гражданами, ими было отмечено, что некоторым приходится
доезжать до ЦГУ на 2 или 3 транспортах, что вызывает особые неудобства как в материальном, так
и во временном отношении. Это говорит о том, что необходимо уделить внимание вопросу
транспортной доступности ЦГУ. Решением данной проблемы, как мы считаем, будет являться
оснащение населения транспортом (автобусы, маршрутки) из различных районных центров в ЦГУ.
This article is comprehensive: the study examines the unemployment rate and people's housing
needs, which leads them to external migration.
The aim of the study is to study the level of unemployment in the regions of Uzbekistan and its
impact on migration.
The analysis leads to the following conclusions:
- The situation with labor migration in the republic and its regions depends on state policy, and in
countries with a high level of employment, labor migration indicators are low.
- Labor migration will be positive even in regions with high industrial production, a high share of
small business and private entrepreneurship.
- Differences in the living conditions of the rural and urban population, the state of infrastructure
also affect labor migration. The development of water, gas and industrial infrastructure in rural areas can
serve as an important factor in preventing labor migration.
Keywords:
migration, unemployment, economically active population, labor migrants,
Uzbekistan, regions.
Kirish.
Migratsiya – insoniyatning rivojlanishi tarixida azaldan muhim ahamiyatga ega fenomen.
Аholining, xususan, mehnatga layoqatli qatlamning geografik koʼchishi har doim demografik oʼsish,
texnologik oʼzgarishlar, siyosiy mojarolar va hatto urushlarga olib kelgan. Shu bilan bir qatorda, shuni
alohida taʼkidlashimiz zarurki, XX asr tom maʼnoda migratsiya asri boʼldi: mazkur hodisa shu paytgacha
jamiyat hayotida, iqtisodiyot va siyosatda bu qadar katta oʼzgarishlarga olib kelmagan edi. Shu nuqtai
nazardan, mehnatga layoqatli aholining oʼz xohishi bilan bir mamlakatdan boshqa mamlakatga koʼchib
oʼtishi, jahon iqtisodiyotida ommaviy kuzatilayotgan fenomen sifatida olimlar uchun eʼtibor qaratish kerak
boʼlgan asosiy mavzulardan biri hisoblanadi.
Migratsiya nima, uning sabablari nimalardan iborat, mohiyati qanaqa, u qanday tasniflanadi? Keng
maʼnoda, migratsiya tushunchasi “insonlarning yetarlicha uzoq masofaga, yetarlicha uzoq muddatga
koʼchib oʼtishi”ni [1] anglatadi. Jahon iqtisodiyotida esa, ishchi kuchi migratsiyasi tushunchasi mehnatga
layoqatli aholining bir mamlakatdan boshqasiga bir yildan uzoq muddatga ishlash uchun koʼchib oʼtishini
bildiradi.
Oʼzbekistonda ham oʼziga xos migratsion xususiyatlari mavjud boʼlib, ularni aholida tadqiq
dolzarb masalalardan biri boʼlib hisoblanadi.
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