ҚИРҚ олтинчи илмий-амалий конференцияси материаллари

science approach due to the following reasons:
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
It is field-based. It is conducted in the settings in which real people actually live, 
rather than in laboratories where the researcher controls the elements of the behaviors 
to be observed or measured. 

It is personalized. It is conducted by researchers who are in the day-to-day, face-to-
face contact with the people they are studying and who are thus both participants in 
and observers of the lives under study. 

It is multifactorial. It is conducted through the use of two or more data collection 
techniques - which may be qualitative or quantitative in nature - in order to get a 
conclusion. 
The ethnographic method is used across a range of different disciplines, primarily by 
anthropologists but also occasionally by sociologists. 
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Agar, Michael (1996) 
the Professional Stranger: An Informal Introduction to Ethnography
. Academic Press.
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Fetterman, D. (2009) 
Ethnography: Step by Step
, Third edition, Thousand Oaks CA, Sage.

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Cultural and social anthropology
Cultural anthropology and social anthropology were developed around 
ethnographic research and their canonical texts, which are mostly ethnographies: 
e.g. 
Argonauts 
of 
the 
Western 
Pacific
 
(1922) 
by 
Bronisław 
Malinowski, 
Ethnologische Excursion in Johore
(1875) by Nicholas Miklouho-
Maclay, 
Coming of Age in Samoa
 (1928) by Margaret Mead, 
The Nuer
 (1940) by E. 
E. Evans-Pritchard, 
Naven
(1936, 1958) by Gregory Bateson, or "The Lele of the 
Kasai" (1963) by Mary Douglas. Cultural and social anthropologists today place a 
high value on doing ethnographic research. The typical ethnography is a document 
written about a particular people, almost always based at least in part on emic views 
of where the culture begins and ends. Using language or community boundaries to 
bound the ethnography is common. 
Ethnology
(from the 
Greek
: ἔθνος, 
ethnos
meaning "nation") is the branch 
of 
anthropology
 
that 
compares 
and 
analyzes 
the 
characteristics 
of 
different 
peoples
and the relationships between them (compare 
cultural
, 
social
, 
or 
sociocultural anthropology
). Compared to 
ethnography
, the study of single groups 
through direct contact with the culture, ethnology takes the research that 
ethnographers have compiled and then compares and contrasts different cultures.
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Anthropology is the scientific study of humans, human behavior and societies in 
the past and present. Social anthropology studies patterns of behavior and cultural 
anthropology studies cultural meaning, including norms and values. Linguistic 
anthropology studies how language influences social life. Biological or physical 
anthropology studies the biological development of humans. Archaeology, which 
studies human activity through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a 
branch of anthropology in the United States and Canada, while in Europe, it is 
viewed as a discipline in its own right or grouped under other related disciplines, 
such as history.
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