Introduction to Industrial Automation

 

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 Index

Conveyor belts, combined operation of, 392, 392f

Conveyor system

for an assortment of objects by pairs, 381, 382f, 383

combined operation of two conveyor belts, 392, 392f

roller conveyor system for wrapping plastic 

membrane, 399, 400f

for transferring granular material with weight 

control, 384–385, 384f

Costs, limit switches, 51

Counters, 72–73

PLC programming with, 320–323, 321f–322f

comparison of numerical values, 322–323, 322f

Counting and numerical calculation, PLC programming 

in, 336, 336f

Counting instructions, PLC programming, 290–291, 

290f

CPU, see Central processing unit (CPU), PLC

CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access with collision 

detection) protocol, 360–361, 361f

Cyclic operation, of PLC, 195–198, 197f

traffic lights, 381, 382f

Cylinders

double-acting, 164–166

pneumatic, calculations, 166–167

piston’s translation, speed of, 167

piston stroke, length of, 167

single-acting, 163–164

D

Dark-on and light-on operation, of photoelectric 

switches, 49, 50t

Data block (DB), 279, 336

Data transmission media, 362–363

coaxial cable, 362–363

fiber-optic cable, 363

twisted-pair cable, 362

Dead band, defined, 63

Decentralization, of industrial automation, 9

Decimal arithmetic systems, 409, 410f

Demand, operation of two pumps according to, 

100–101

De Morgan theorem, 121

Design(s)

automation circuits, principles, 79–82

“command,” principle of, 81–82

latch principle, 79–81

logical, automation circuits, see Logical design, 

of automation circuits

regulations, automation circuit, 102–105

Detection/sensing distance, 40

DeviceNet, 368

Devices, pneumatic, 163–166

double-acting cylinders, 164–166

single-acting cylinders, 163–164

Differential-pressure switch, 63

Diffuse-reflective photoelectric switch, 49

Digital input modules, PLC, 202, 204–207

with DC power supply in groups, 207, 209f

electronic circuit, 206–207, 207f

isolated-supply inputs, 207, 208f

non-isolated-supply inputs, 207, 208f

numerical switches, 205–206, 206f

operations, block diagram, 204–205, 205f

technical specifications for, 212–215

Digital output modules, PLC, 202, 209–212

with DC power supply, 21f, 212

electronic circuit, 210–211, 211f–212f

isolated-supply outputs, 212, 213f

of modular PLC, 203f

non-isolated-supply outputs, 212, 213f

operations, block diagram, 209, 210f

parallelism of, 259–261, 259f–260f

technical specifications for, 212–215

Digital sensors, 5

Digital transducers, defined, 37

Directional valves, 167–168, 169f, 169t, 170f, 171t

Discrete successive signal, transition due to, 128–133

Distance

detection/sensing, 40

object placement, 41

Distributed control systems (DCS), 14, 16

Distribution, pressurized air, 161–163

Distribution pipe, pressurized air, 161–163

Double-acting cylinders, 164–166

Double foil and braid shield, 251

Drilling machine automation, PLC programming in, 

343–345, 344f, 345f

Drilling machine tool, 138–142

Drum switches, motorized, 67

Dry bulk material, barrel-filling system for, 405–406, 

406f

Drying, papermaking process, stage, 1

Dual in-line (DIP) switches, 65

Dyeing, defined, 6

E

Eddy currents, generation, 42

EEPROM, see Electrically Erasable Programmable Read 

Only Memory (EEPROM)

Electric actuators, 20–23

Electrical actuation of valve, 170, 172–173

Electrical enclosure, for PLC installation, 243–245, 

244f, 244t, 246f–247f

Electrical latch, 91–94

motor operation with power supply, 94

overview, 91–93

sequential start—latch of machines (chain latch), 

93, 94f

Electrical life expectancy, 27–28

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 

(EEPROM)

PLCs, 232

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Index 

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429

Electric connection, proximity switches, 43–44

Electric contact, classification, 33–35

Electric coupling, interference and, 248, 249f

Electric ladder control, PLC programming in, 333–334, 

334f, 335f

Electromagnetic emission (EME), 247

Electromagnetic interference (EMI)

defined, 247

electric or magnetic coupling and, 248, 249f

PLC installation and, 245, 247–249, 248f–249f

Electromagnetic shielding, of cables

PLC installation and, 251–252, 252f

purpose, 251

types, 251

Electromechanical counters, defined, 72–73

Electromechanical relays, defined, 27

Electromechanical switch, 64

Electromechanical timers, 66–67, 68f

Electronic circuit

digital input modules, PLC, 206–207, 207f

digital output modules PLC, 210–211, 211f–212f

Electronic devices, 211

Electronic level switches (ELS), 100

for conductive liquids, 52–53

Electronic timers, 64–65

Electro-pneumatic components, 159–183

applications, 178–183

arrangement for separating similar balls, 178–179

conveyor arrangement for objects shorting, 

181–183

object stamping machine, 179–181

automation, circuits for, 175–178

examples, 161–163

overview, 159

pneumatic cylinders, calculations, 166–167

piston’s translation, speed of, 167

piston stroke, length of, 167

pneumatic devices, 163–166

double-acting cylinders, 164–166

single-acting cylinders, 163–164

pressurized air, 159–163

directional valves, 167–168, 169f, 169t, 170f, 171t

distribution, 161–163

electrical actuation of valve, 170, 172–173

flow control valves, 167–174

manual actuation of valve, 168, 170, 172f

mechanical actuation of valve, 170, 172f

overview, 159–160

pneumatic actuation of valve, 174

production, 160–161

Electro-pneumatic system, for pickup and lay down of 

plastic containers, 406–408, 407f

Elements

automated system, 9

electro-pneumatic components, see Electro-

pneumatic components

pressure sensing, for motion production, 62f

EME, see Electromagnetic emission (EME)

EMI, see Electromagnetic interference (EMI)

Encoders, 73–75

EPROM, see Erasable Programmable Read Only 

Memory (EPROM)

Equivalent length, defined, 161

Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 

(EPROM)

PLCs, 231

Even parity, 416

Executable program, PLC, 225

F

Fast input response modules, PLC, 223

Fault detection, operation procedure of PLC and, 

261–263, 263f–264f

Fault indication, operation and, 83–84

FBD language, see Function Block Diagram (FBD) 

language

Fiber-optic cable, as data transmission media, 363

Float level switches, 56

Flow control valves, pressurized air, 167–174

directional, 167–168, 169f, 169t, 170f, 171t

electrical actuation, 170, 172–173

manual actuation, 168, 170, 172f

mechanical actuation, 170, 172f

pneumatic actuation, 174

Flow switches, 57–59

paddle-type liquid, 57, 58f

thermal dispersion, 57–58

Foil shield, 251

Food industry (tzatziki salad production machine), 

385–387, 386f; see also Industrial applications

operation specifications, 386–387

technical characteristics of the equipment., 385, 

386f

Fork type, limit switch, 51f

Forward-reverse rotation, of three-phase motor, 21f

Full-load current (FLC), of motor, 23

FUNCTION, 278–279

Function Block Diagram (FBD) language, 272, 274, 

274f

programming in, 306–308, 307f–308f

FUNCTION BLOCKS (FB), 279

G

Garage door, automation of, 101–102

Gateway, 364–365

General purpose relays, 29–30

Granular material transfer with weight control, conveyor 

system for, 384–385, 384f

Graphic languages, 198; see also specific entries

Gray code, 126, 417–418, 418t

Grinding, papermaking process, stage, 1

Grounding, PLC installation and, 249–251, 250f

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