Introduction to Industrial Automation



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Introduction to Industrial Automation by Stamatios Manesis, George

425

Index

Page numbers followed by f and t indicate figures and tables, respectively.



A

Absolute encoders, 74–75

Activation instructions, PLC programming, 288–290, 

300–315, 300f–314f

example, 313–315, 313f, 314f

impulse generation, 312–313, 312f

AND logic, 307, 307f

logic coils, 308–310, 309f

Mixed AND and OR logic, 307, 308f

OR logic, 307, 307f

OR logic in combination with AND logic, 308, 308f

permanent activation of variables, 310–312, 310f, 

311f

Actuators, 3, 19–37, 205



electric, 20–23

electric contact classification, 33–35

general purpose relays, 29–30

latching relays, 30–31

MEMS, 24

overview, 19–20

pneumatic, 24, 163

power relays, 27–29

pulse bistable relays, 31–32

relays, 25–27

operation principle, 25–27

overview, 25

solenoid, 71–72

solenoid linear actuators, 35–37

SSRs, 32–33

Actuator-sensor interface (AS-I) network, 367–368, 

367f–368f

Adjustable rod, limit switch, 51f

Adjustable roller arm, limit switch, 51f

AEG Modicon, 292

Air compressors, with predefined combinations, 112, 

113f


Alarm indication devices, 211

Allen-Bradley industrial PLC, 203, 204f, 292

Aluminum sheet (unfolded), shearing machine of, 401, 

401f


Analog input devices, 217, 217t

Analog input modules, PLC, 202, 216–219

analog signals conversion, accuracy in, 219–220

analog to digital (A/D) converter, 216–217, 216f, 217f

cyclic operation time, 219, 219f

devices, 217, 217t

“input channel,” 218

operation, block diagram, 218–219, 218f

shielded cable, 218

Analog I/O values scaling, PLC, 419–420, 420f

Analog output modules, PLC, 202, 220–222, 220f–222f

analog devices connections in, 222, 222f

operations, block diagram, 220–221, 220f, 221f

Analog sensors, 5

Analog-to-digital converter (ADC), 37

AND logic, 307, 307f

OR logic in combination with, 308, 308f

Applications; see also Industrial applications

De Morgan theorem, 121

electro-pneumatic, 178–183

arrangement for separating similar balls, 178–179

conveyor arrangement for objects shorting

181–183

object stamping machine, 179–181

logical design of automation circuits, 145–155

bidirectional lead screw movable worktable with 

two speeds, 146–148

operation of n machines with pause under specific 

conditions, 151–155

palindromic movement of worktable with 

memory, 148–150

pressurized air, 164

proximity switches, 46–47

synthesis, industrial automation, 107–113

machine operation control from multiple 

positions, 107, 108f

operation control of power transformer, 108–109, 

110f


operation of two pumps with cyclic alteration, 

based on low-high demand, 109, 111

three air compressors with predefined 

combinations, 112, 113f




426

 



 Index

Arithmetic logical unit (ALU), 227

Arithmetic switches, 205

Arithmetic systems, 409–418

ASCII code, 417

binary, 410–411, 410f–411f

negative numbers, 411–413, 412f

binary-coded decimal (BCD), 413, 413f

decimal, 409, 410f

Gray code, 417–418, 418t

hexadecimal, 415–417, 415t, 416f

parity checking, 416–417

octal, 413–414, 414f

overview, 409

ASCII code, arithmetic systems, 417

AS-I (actuator-sensor interface) network, 367–368, 

367f–368f

Assembly machine, feeder system of, 398–399, 398f

Assembly station, PLC programming in, 339–342, 339f

Assortment of objects by pairs, conveyor system for, 381, 

382f, 383

Automated billiard table, PLC-controlled, 388–389, 

389f


Automated filling of milk tanks, 389–390

Automatic control, defined, 6–7

Automation

computer-based industrial control and, 13–18

examples synthesis, 82–91

automatic/manual control, 88–89

common automatic command/separate manual 

commands, 90

common manual command/separate automatic 

commands, 89–90

control panel for operating n machines, 91

operation and fault indication, 83–84

periodic operation of machine with two time 

constants, 88

starting delay, machine operation with, 84–86

stopping delay, machine operation with, 87

thermal overload protection, 82–83

two/more points, machine operation, 90–91

hardware components for, see Hardware components

process control and, 6–8

Automation circuits, 26

“command,” principle of, 81–82

defined, 11

design regulations, 102–105

development, 12–13

electro-pneumatic automation, 175–178

implementation, 28, 105–106

latch principle, 79–81

logical design ofsee Logical design, of automation 

circuits


for motors, 95–97

with inversion in rotation, 95, 96f

star-delta (Y-

) start, 96, 97f



types, 97

operation voltage, 29

principles in designing, 79–82

with sensors, 98–102

of garage door, 101–102

level control, pump operation based on, 100

machine with canceling ability, 98–100

operation of two pumps according to demand, 

100–101

Auxiliary circuits, 11

Auxiliary devices, 194

B

Balls, packaging system of, 383–384, 383f

Barrel-filling system for dry bulk material, 405–406, 

406f


Base pump, defined, 111

Batch-dyeing process, for textile materials, 6f

Bidirectional lead screw movable worktable with two 

speeds, 146–148

Billiard table (automated), PLC-controlled, 388–389, 

389f


Bimetallic strip(s)

actuator, 19

behavior of, 38

temperature switch, 59–60

thermal overload relay with, 38–39

Bimetal temperature switch (thermostat), 59–60

Binary arithmetic systems, 410–411, 410f–411f

negative numbers, 411–413, 412f

Binary-coded decimal arithmetic systems (BCD), 413, 

413f


Bistable relays, pulse, 31–32

Bleaching, 1

Boolean algebra

defined, 118

postulates and theorems of, 120–121

Boolean logic components, 118–121

Boolean logic instructions, PLC programming, 

287–288, 300–315, 300f–314f

example, 313–315, 313f, 314f

impulse generation, 312–313, 312f

AND logic, 307, 307f

logic coils, 308–310, 309f

Mixed AND and OR logic, 307, 308f

OR logic, 307, 307f

OR logic in combination with AND logic, 308, 308f

permanent activation of variables, 310–312, 310f, 

311f

P.RLO in Boolean program, 305–306, 306f



S.RLO in Boolean program, 305–306, 306f

Bottle packing station, multiple, 404–405, 405f

Bowling automation, PLC programming in, 345–347, 

346f


Braid shield, 251

Branches (sectors), automation circuits in, 12–13

Breakdown/pull-out torque, defined, 23

Bridge, 364





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