Introduction to Geopolitics

New York Times
10,
34
; report on rapes in
Darfur 191, 194; report on soldiers in
New York National Guard 194–6; stories
emphasizing geopolitical conflicts 208–11
New Yorker 209
Newman, D. 146
Newport War College 18
Nicaragua
161
Nichols, Terry 164–5
Nike 11
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) 16,
23, 158, 
167
,
210
North Korea 166; “axis of evil” 74, 76, 153; as
“closed” state 133; creation of boundary
with South Korea 132, 150–1; famines in
late 1990s 153; invasion of South Korea
151; nuclear weapons and “knowledge”
of 91, 212
Northern Ireland conflict 172
Novaya gezeta
116
NSC-68 22, 23, 67–9, 
68
, 72, 73, 74, 86, 87,
100
nuclear capability 58; and identification of
“axis of evil” 74, 153
nuclear deterrence 69
nuclear power: Iran’s decisions on 25;
Reagan’s policies 23
nuclear power stations 3
nuclear weapons: North Korea’s development
of 153; testing by India and Pakistan 202;
uranium resources 138
Ó Tuathail, G. 
210
oil: and boundary issues 137; British interests
in Middle East 140; and capitalist greed
80; Chechnya 113, 119; exploitation of
reserves by West 165; and Gulf War
96–7; increased demand from India and
China 208–9; reserves in Caspian Sea
basin 61, 
62
, 63
Okinawa, Japan 10–11
Oklahoma City: bomb attack on Murrah
federal building 164–5, 171
Olympic games 12, 106; Munich (1972) 
169
Orientalism 91–4, 
197
Osaka
162
Oslo II Agreements (1995) 142–3, 
143
, 144
otherness: borderlands 147–8
Ottoman Empire 96, 139
Owen, Wilfred: 
Dulce et Decorum Est
82,
82
,
83, 106, 119, 212
Oxford School of Geography 18
Pacific
34
, 67
Pakistan: al-Qaeda 174, 175, 177, 178, 181,
182; boundary with Afghanistan 131;
counter-terrorist raids 
182
; creation of
199; and Jammu/Kashmir 200, 201, 203,
203–8; nuclear testing 202; state terrorism
in Kashmir conflict 166; 
see also
Indo-
Pakistan war
Palestine: conflict with Israel 71, 132, 138–46,
166, 169, 194; occupied territories 142,
145
; UN partition plan 140–1
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) 142,
176
Palestinians: Arabs 139, 140; displacement 86,
144; identity 6, 
7
; Israeli state terrorism
against 166; issue of self-determination
169; nationalist struggle 190; plight of 71,
I N D E X
232

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98, 142, 144; right of return for refugees
141, 146; terrorist attacks by 165; under
Oslo II Agreements (1995) 143; villages
in Israel-Palestine 
145
Panama
167
Pandits: ethnic conflict in Kashmir 206;
women raped in Kashmir conflict 
193
,
207
Paraguay
167
pastoral peoples 136
patriarchy: and impact of rape in war 
192–3
;
and tragedy of women raped by
janjaweed
191–4
Perlez, Jane 
34
Peru
167
Peshawar 177
Philippines 67, 
161
, 181
place 27; definition 3–4; and locale 6, 
8
; and
location 5
places: and contest or conflict 10, 10–11; in
human geography 2, 3–4
Platoon
(film) 82
Podur, J. 202
poetry
see
Owen, Wilfred
polar regions 22
political geography 2; globalization 160–1
political parties: and Chechnya conflict 118;
created by human activity 12; as
geopolitical agents 25
political power: and control of movement 158;
racialized spaces of Africa 3
politics: and critical geopolitics 24; and
geographical boundaries 132; and spatial
organization of society 3, 10; terrorist 
acts 162