Introduction to Geopolitics

The Ten Commandments
(film) 86
terminology 105–6
territoriality: in Modelski’s model 51; and war
81
territory: history and forms of 158; multiple
representations of geopolitics 16, 17; and
national identity 133–4; nationalist
ideology 106, 119; and security of the
state 125, 134; space 2; and state
sovereignty 181; and state terrorism
against separatism 166; strategies of
geopolitics and statesmanship 13; and US
defense of boundaries 154
terrorism: al-Quaeda’s anti-US activities 40,
71; and Bush’s justification of war on Iraq
80–1; Chechnya conflict 118; definitions
and problems of defining 162, 164–6,
164
; geopolitics 16, 50, 157, 162, 165;
global 30, 72, 185; networks 155, 173–6,
1111
2
3
41
5
6
7
8
91
10
1
2
31111
4
5
6
7
8
9
20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30
1
2
3
4
51
6
7
8
9
40
1
2
3
4
5111
I N D E X
235

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186; perspective on Allied bombing of
towns
162
; sponsored by states 166, 
167
;
targeting of US 184; waves or periods of
167–70,
170
; Zionist movement 140; 
see
also
September 11 events; “War on
Terrorism”
Thailand
34
,
161
Thatcher, Margaret 58
Third World: Kennan’s view 23, 24
Thompson, E.P. 40
Tibet 201
Time
magazine
209
Tokyo
162
trade: disputes between EU and US 42; and
economic power 51
transnationalism: borderlands 147; networks
159, 160
Treaty of Amritsar (1846) 198
Treaty of Versailles 21
Trouw
7–8
Truman, President Harry S. 67, 151
Turcotte, Rick 
161
Turkey: conflict with Greece over Cyprus
125–6, 126; geopolitical codes 
76
Turkmenistan 61
Ukraine 12, 63
United Arab Emirates 179
United Arab Republic 94–5
United Fruit Company 80
United Kingdom: restrictions to entry 133; 
see
also
Britain
United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP)
25
United Nations (UN) 29, 40, 49, 98; Hussein’s
denial of weapons inspectors 99;
intervention in Indo-Pakistan war 200;
investigation of Darfur killings 191;
against Israel 141–2; and Korean War
151; plan for creation of Jewish state
140–1; resolutions 242, 338 Truth
Commission Report 
167
United States (US): abortion issue 172; 
al-Qaeda’s objectives against 180; Arab
nationalist resistance against 94; bases
throughout the world 
183
, 184; bin
Laden’s
fatwa
against 70–1; boundary
with Mexico 132; in classic geopolitical
theories 18, 18–20, 21, 28, 34; Cold War
40–1, 166; competition with China 34,
34
; and constraint of insurgents in Iraq
27; and control of Caspian Sea oil and
gas 63; and creation of Israel 140;
decision to invade Iraq 42, 47, 55, 58, 94;
definition of national identity 106–8; and
division of Korea 150–1; extra-terrestrial
geopolitics 184–5; foreign policy needs 
as seen by classic theorists 24; and
genesis of EU 41; geopolitical code
regarding Central Asia 59, 61, 63–4;
geopolitical code of “War on Terrorism”
72–6, 99, 154, 158; geopolitics and rise 
as world power 21–3, 39–41, 65, 66–70,
68
, 185; global reach of military power
51,
52
,
210
; hate crimes targeting
homosexuals 6–7; imperial overstretch
47–9, 185; increased boundary controls
133, 154; infant mortality rates in
different cities 4, 
5
; interests in Asia and
the Pacific 149; invasion of Afghanistan
181, 181–2; and Iran’s decisions on
nuclear power 25; and Israeli wars with
Arab states 95; key role in globalization
process 159–60, 160–2; and Korean War
151; message of 
Reader’s Digest
87–90,
88
; military agreement with Pakistan 
200; military bases in Okinawa 10–11;
Modelski’s model applied to 39–41, 42,
49, 53; occupation force in Iraq 9;
policing of borders 131; relationship 
with Russia 157; representations of war 
in Iraq 37, 99–101; Special Forces 
161
,
184; suburban areas 2; support of Iraq 
in war with Iran 57, 95; as target of
terrorism 184; Weather Underground 168;
as world leader or hegemonic power 
35
,
36
, 39, 50, 157, 182
uranium 137
Uruguay
167
USA Today
93
Uzbekistan 61, 63, 64, 181
Van Gogh, Theo: murder of 7–8
Vancouver: Chinese community 8
Vietnam War 40, 69, 168, 170
Wallerstein, Imanuel 35, 
35
,
39
, 50
Walsh, N.P. 116
war: and boundary conflicts 134; and computer
games 93; and gender roles 119–20, 122;
movies’ portrayal of horrors 82–3; rape as
weapon of 191, 
192–3
; returning from
196
; role of material interests and values
79, 80–2, 101; 
see also
“Soccer War”;
World War I; World War II
war crimes 
162
I N D E X
236

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“War on Terrorism” 40, 58, 81, 94, 
175
, 176;
Central Asian republics as pivotal in 61,
63, 64; and changing geography of
terrorism 167; and discrimination against
cultural groups in US 108; geopolitics 
13, 72–6, 99, 154, 186, 212;
metageography of networks 158, 159;
new media representations 92–3; and
portrayal of al-Qaeda 176, 181; and
Russia’s justification of Chechenya
conflict 118, 119; and surveillance
strategies 186; targeting of terrorists 182;
US “allies” in 166; and US control and
policing of borders 131, 133; US
justification of 100–1, 185
“Washington Consensus” 
73
Washington Post
93, 101
water resources 137
weapons of mass destruction 157; US
allegations against Saddam 99; in US
identification of “axis of evil” 74, 76
weapons sales 57
Weather Underground 168
websites: Baghdad blog 
94
; images of war on
Iraq 93; Islamic Republic of Pakistan 205;
US communities connected through
National Guard 195
West Bank 141, 142, 142–3, 144; and Jewish
settlers’ beliefs 171–2
Western Europe: domination of African
nations 3, 13; during Cold War 40–1;
post-war ideological influence of 49
Wigen, K.E. 158
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 18, 66
Wilson, T.M. 131
women: effect of rape in wars 
192–3
;
engagement in geopolitics 23; raped by
janjaweed
in Darfur 191–4; raped in
Kashmir conflict 
193
, 207; restrictions on
movement of 16; Tarakis’s attempts at
reforms in Afghanistan 176; 
see also
gender roles
Women’s Initiative 205, 206, 207
World Bank 16, 49, 
73
World Cup 12, 80, 106
world leadership: built on military might
100–1; challenging critiques by writers’
in 1990s 44; declining power of US 158,
161, 185; Germany’s geopolitical code
66; and justifying global role 99, 101,
195–6; and networks of military power
161
; US geopolitical code for 65, 66–71,
68
, 86, 157, 182; US portrayal of itself
45
;
see also
Modelski’s model of world
leadership
World Social Forum 
160
world-system theory: Wallerstein 
35
, 50
World Trade Organization (WTO) 
73
, 158
World War I 39, 
39
, 83, 119, 139, 168;
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