Introduction to Geopolitics

35
soldiers: children 
191
; members of New York
National Guard in Iraq 194–6;
participation of citizens as 
197
; and rape
as weapon of war 
192–3
; recruitment by
kidnap in Myanmar/Burma 
193
Somalia 177
Sorokin, Pitirim 81
South Africa 3, 58
South America 
167
I N D E X
234

---

South Korea 47; creation of boundary with
North Korea 132, 150–1; North Korea’s
invasion of 151; “sunshine” policy
towrads North Korea 153
Southeast Asia: China’s growing influence
33–4,
34
, 58; China’s territorial claims
126; terrorist groups’ ties with al-Qaeda
180–1
Southern Europe: establishment of US bases 
in 47
sovereignty: and counter-terrorism 
182
,
186; in international law 184–5; and
nationalism 119; states 105, 125, 
134, 181
Soviet Union: challenge to US after World
War II 40, 67, 69, 86; change to Russia
56; Communism 9, 
14
, 87; in De
Seversky’s theory 22; demise 40, 47, 59,
114; and division of Korea 150–1; during
Cold War 40–1, 59, 86; identified as
enemy in NSC-68 69; interest in
Jammu/Kashmir 200, 201; invasion of
Afghanistan 176, 177; in Mackinder’s
geopolitics 18; and Middle East during
Cold War 141; portrayal by 
Reader’s
Digest
88, 89; post-war ideological
influence 49, 59; and spread of socialism
149–50; support of terrorist groups 169;
withdrawal from Afghanistan 177; 
see
also
Lenin, V.I.
space 27; in human geography 2–3
spaces: geography 2–3; geopolitics 28
Spain 126, 165, 176
Spann, Shannon and Michael 121
spatial organization: in geography 2; in human
geography 2–3; power relations in Africa
3,
4
; society 3, 27
Spykman, Nicholas 21–2
Srinagar 200, 206
Srivastava, M. 204
Staeheli, L.A. 16
Stalin, Joseph 113, 151
state: as term 105
states: agency 101–2; borders and boundaries
133, 134, 136; in classic nineteenth-
century geopolitics 25, 34–5, 50–1, 158;
and creation of nation 108; definition 105;
and goals of religious terrorism 171, 172;
ideas of Kjellen and Ratzel 20, 66;
justification of geopolitical codes 125–7;
nationalism and difference 122; as police
states 166; promotion of transnational
networks 159; sovereignty 27, 125, 134,
181; use of terrorist violence and
oppression 166, 
167
statesmanship 13, 16, 17, 25
Stavropol (Russia): World War II memorial 
84
strikes 26
structure: and agency 26–7, 29, 161, 172, 186,
189, 211, 213
sub-Saharan Africa 126
Sudan: and bin Laden 171, 177; and Darfur
conflict 190, 
192
, 194; as supplier of oil
209; US attack on chemical plant 178
Suez Canal 141
suicide bombings 115, 179
surveillance strategies 186
Sweeney, Michael 63–4
Swetnam, M.S. 177, 181
Syria 94, 95, 138, 142, 166, 169
Taiwan 209
Tajikstan 61, 63, 64
Taliban: and bin Laden 178; fall of Kandahar
to 177; overthrow of in Afghanistan 71,
74, 181, 181–2
Tanzania 178
tanzeems
205, 206
Taraki, Noor Mohammed 176
Tashkent Declaration (1966) 201
Taylor, P.J. 
39
, 56
tea: geographic scales of human activity 12
technology: advances in surveillance 186;
global changes 51, 159; and global reach
of US military 
52
Teguba, Antonio 
45
television
see
satellite television