M = R.,
a g a r
n = 2k -
1;
M =
(
Rk + Rk+
l ) /2 , a g a r
n =
2
k,
b u n d a
k =
1 , 2 , 3 ,...
In n o v a ts io n f a o liy a t m a h s u lo ti n a rx in i b e lg ila s h d a m a h s u lo t
ish la b c h iq is h n in g y a k u n iy b o s q ic h la rid a y o k i s e r iy a g a k iritis h d a
a n iq ro q h is o b -k ito b u s u lla rin i q o ‘lla s h v a b a ta f s ilr o q a x b o r o td a n
fo y d a la n ish lo z im .
B .
Sotuv obyekti — ilmiy-texnik ishlanma.
Ilm iy -te x n ik is h la n m a -
la r n a tija la rin i ( lo y ih a -k o n s tru k to r lik h u jja tla ri, d a s tu riy t a ’m in o t,
m a rk e tin g ta d q iq o tla ri n a tija la ri v a h .k .) s o tis h d a
n a rx s h a k lla n ti-
ris h d a y u q o r id a s a n a b o ‘tilg a n o m illa rd a n ta s h q a r i q u y id a g ila rn i
h a m h is o b g a o lis h z a ru r:
1) T ira jla s h tiris h , y a ’n i u s h b u is h la n m a n i x a r id q ilis h u la m i
q iz iq tirib q o lis h i m u m k in b o ‘lg a n p o te n s ia l x a r id o la r s o n i. M u a y y a n
b u y u rtm a c h i ta la b ig a k o ‘r a b a ja r ilg a n o ‘z ig a x o s in n o v a tiv ish la n -
m a la r, q o id a g a k o ‘ra , tira jla n m a y d i y o k i m o s la s h tir is h u c h u n k a tta
x a r a ja tla r ta la b q ila d i. N is b a ta n s ta n d a rt ilm iy -te x n ik m a h s u lo tla r
tira jla n is h i m u m k in , b u f a q a t m o s la s h tir is h x a r a ja tla rin i h is o b g a ol-
g a n h o ld a a lo h id a b u y u rtm a c h i u c h u n n a rx n i p ro p o r s io n a l ra v is h d a
k a m a y tiris h im k o n in i b e ra d i.
2) M u a l l if im iji v a n u fu z i. Ilm iy -te x n ik is h la n m a la r s o h a s id a u s h
b u is h la n m a n i b a ja r is h i m u m k in b o T g a n ilm iy -ta d q iq o tc h ilik ta s h k i-
lo tla ri d o ira s i k o ‘p in c h a c h e g a ra la n g a n b o ‘la d i. T a s h k ilo tn in g u s h b u
s o h a d a g i m a s h h u rlig i
v a ta jrib a s i, ish la rn i b a ja r is h g a j a l b q ilin g a n
m u ta x a s s is la r d a r a ja s i is h la n m a q iy m a tig a jid d iy t a ’sir k o ;rs a tis h i
m u m k in . X u d d i s a n o a t to v a rla ri b o z o r id a b o ‘lg a n i k a b i, b u o m iln i
h a m ilm iy -te x n ik is h la n m a la r s o h a s id a , q o id a g a k o ‘ra , q a y d q ilin -
m a y d ig a n s a v d o m a r k a s i m a v ju d lig i o m ili b ila n ta q q o s la s h m u m k in .
3) T o ‘lo v s h a r tla r i, h is o b -k ito b la r s h a k li. O d a td a , ilm iy -ta d
q iq o tc h ilik is h la rin i b a ja r is h v a in n o v a ts io n m a h s u lo t
y a r a tis h j a -
ra y o n i u z o q v a q t — b ir n e c h a o y d a n b ir n e c h a y ilg a c h a ta la b q ila d i.
S h u s a b a b li is h la r u c h u n b o s q ic h m a -b o s q ic h h a q t o ‘la s h h is o b -k i-
to b la rn in g o d a tiy s h a k li s a n a la d i. Is h la n m a n in g y a k u n iy n a rx i
65
m a b la g ‘la rn in g b o s q ic h la r c rrta s id a q a n d a y ta q s im la n ish i v a, m o s
ra v ish d a , is h la rn in g b a ja rilish i q a n d a y m o liy a la s h tirilis h i, lo y ih a n i
k re d itla s h b o ‘y ic h a a so siy x a ra ja tla rn i k im o ‘z z im m a s ig a
o lis h ig a
b o g ‘liq b o ‘la d i. A g a r b u y u rtm a c h i ijro c h in i k re d itla g a n h o ld a ish la r-
ni b a ja rish u c h u n o ld in d a n h a q t o ‘lash n i a m a lg a o s h ira d ig a n b o ‘lsa,
b u h o ld a is h la rn i b a ja ris h a rz o n ro q q a tu s h a d i. A k s h o ld a , ijro c h i ish-
la n m a la m i o ‘z m a b la g ‘lari h is o b ig a b a ja ra d ig a n b o ‘lsa, n a rx u sh -
b u ta d q iq o td a m a b l a g i a r u s h la n ib q o lis h id a n y o 'q o tilg a n m iq d o rd a
o sh irila d i. U s h b u o m iln i h is o b g a o lis h d a in fla ts iy a d a ra ja si k a tta ro l
o ‘y n a y d i.
4)
M a q s a d li b o z o r se g m e n ti, b u y u rtm a c h i tu ri. M a m la k a t fa n i
ilm iy -ta d q iq o tc h ilik ish la ri u m u m iy ja h o n b o z o r ig a to 'liq
ja lb q ilin -
m a g a n s h a r o itla r d a n a rx n i b u y u rtm a c h ig a q a ra b b e lg ila s h im k o n iy a -
ti m a v ju d .
4.4. I n n o v a ts io n r is k la r , in n o v a ts iy a la r n a r x i tu z ilis h i
v a n a r x s h a k lla n is h i ta h lili
I n n o v a ts io n risk la r, in n o v a ts io n fa o liy a t h o z irg i sh a ro itla rd a fir-
m a la r fa o liy a tin in g b o s h q a y o ’n a lis h la rid a n k o ‘ra k o 'p r o q d a ra ja d a
ris k
b ila n b o g U iq , c h u n k i u n in g n a tija s i ijo b iy b o i i s h i n i h e c h k im
t o ‘liq k a f o la tla y o lm a y d i. In n o v a ts io n fa o liy a tn in g risk d a ra ja s i
h a q id a sh u h o la t h a m d a lo la t b e ra d ik i, o 'r ta c h a h a r o 'n t a v e n c h u r
firm a s id a n a tig i b ir-ik k ita s ig in a m u v a ffa q iy a tg a e rish a d i. L e k in ,
s h u n g a q a ra m a y ,
y u q o ri risk , q o id a g a k o ’ra, u n in g y u q o ri d a r a ja d a
q o p la n is h i b ila n b irg a lik d a k u z a tila d i: in n o v a ts io n lo y ih a jo r i y qi-
lis h d a n f o y d a m e ’y o ri b o s h q a fa o liy a t tu rla ri h is o b id a n o lin a d ig a n
f o y d a m e ’y o rid a n , o d a td a , a n c h a y u q o ri b o ;lad i.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
