n i t a n i b o lish , b o s h q a to v a rla rd a n fa rq la s h v a d iffe re n s ia ts iy a q ilis h
u c h u n x iz m a t q ilad i. M a r k a o 'z ic h ig a m a rk a n o m i, m a rk a b e lg is i v a
t o v a r b e lg is in i k iritis h i m u m k in .
M a r k a n o m i b u m a rk a n in g o v o z c h iq a rib o ‘q is h m u m k in b o ‘lg a n
s o ‘ z ; h a r f v a u la rn in g b irik m a si h is o b la n a d i.
IM ark a n o m i b u m a rk a n in g
ta n ib o lin a d ig a n , le k in o 'q ilm a y d ig a n
q i s m id i r . U sim v o l y o k i ra s m d a n ib o ra t b o ‘lib , a jra lib tu ru v c h i ra n g
v a o ‘z ig a x o s sh rift b ila n b ezalad i.
T o v a r b e lg is i m a rk a y o k i a n in g h u q u q iy jih a td a n h im o y a la n g a n
q i s m i b o ‘lib , s o tu v c h ig a m a rk a n o m i v a m a rk a b e lg is id a n m u tla q
f o y d a la n is h h u q u q in i b erad i. T o v a r b e lg is i m a rk a n in g h im o y a s i,
r e k la m a s i, in d iv id u a llig i v a sifat k a fo la ti v a z ifa s in i b a ja ra d i. T o
v a r q a y si m a rk a o stid a so tilish ig a q a ra b ik k i tu r g a b o ‘lin ad i: is h la b
c h iq a r u v c h i m a rk a s i v a x u su s iy m a rk a .
I s h l a b c h iq a ru v c h i m a rk a si b u is h la b c h iq a ru v c h i to m o n id a n
y a r a t i l g a n y o k i b o s h q a ish lab c h iq a ru v c h id a n ija ra g a
o lin g a n m a r-
k a d i r . T o v a rn i m a rk a la s h tiris h d a is h la b c h iq a ru v c h i q u y id a g ila rd a n
f o y d a la n i s h i m u m k in : o ‘z m a h s u lo tla rin in g h a r b ir turi u c h u n in
d i v i d u a l m a rk a n o m la ri ta n la s h ; b a rc h a m a h s u lo tla r u c h u n y a g o n a
m a r k a n o m i b e lg ila sh ; m a h s u lo tla rn in g tu rli g u ru h la ri u c h u n a lo h id a
m a r k a n o m la ri b e ris h ; ish la b c h iq a ru v c h i k o m p a n iy a n o m in i a lo h id a
m a h s u l o t la r m a rk a n o m ig a q o ‘sh ib ish la tish .
X u s u s i y m a rk a b u sa v d o (u lg u rji y o k i c h a k a n a ) k o rx o n a la ri t o
m o n i d a n ish la b c h iq ilg a n m a rk a la rd ir. B a ’z id a u v o s ita c h ila r m a r
k a s i , d is trib y u te rla r m a rk a si y o k i d ile r m a rk a s i d e b h a m a ta la d i.
F a o l i y a t so h a s ig a k o ‘ra u la r q u y id a g ila rg a ta q s im la n a d i: in d iv id u a l
( a s p i r i n ) ; g u ru h li (M a g g i); firtn a (N e stle ); h u d u d iy (« S te p a n R a z in »
p i v o s i ) ; m illiy (« J ig u li» a v to m o b ili); x a lq a ro (C o c a -C o la ) m a rk a la r.
M a r k a o ‘z ig a x o s sh a rtli b e lg i b o ‘lib , u n i to v a r y o k i
x iz m a t b ila n
b o g ‘ lash v o s ita s id a is te ’m o lc h ig a to v a rn in g i s t e ’m o l ta v sifn o m a la ri
t o ‘g ‘ risid a x a b a r b e ra d i. U x a rid o rla m i m a z k u r to v a rn i so tib o lish -
d a x iu d d i a v v a lg id e k s ifa tg a e g a b o 'lis h la r ig a is h o n tiris h g a h a ra k a t
q i l a d i .
48
M a r k a fa q a t to v a r n o m i s ifa tid a g in a e m a s , b a lk i u n in g b ir n e c h ta
x u s u s iy a tla ri y i g ‘in d is i s if a tid a k o m p le k s ra v is h d a k o ‘rib c h iq ilis h i
lo z im .
F .K o tle r m a rk a n i
to v a r ta v s ifn o m a s i, fo y d a , to v a m in g q im m a tli-
lig i, u n d a n f o y d a la n is h m a d a n iy a ti (u y u s h q o q lik , ta rtib lilik , s a m a r a -
d o rlik , y u q o ri s ifa t), to v a r n in g in d iv id u a llig i v a f o y d a la n u v c h i tu rin i
a k s e ttiru v c h i o lti p o g ‘o n a li s im v o l s ifa tid a t a ’rifla g a n . M a r k a n in g
e n g b a r q a ro r x u s u s iy a tla ri (q im m a tlilik , m a d a n iy a t v a in d iv id u a llik )
u n in g m o h iy a tin i b e lg ila b b e ra d i.
M a r k e to lo g n in g t o v a r m a r k a la r in i b o s h q a r is h d a q a b u l q ilis h i
lo z im b o 'l g a n q a r o r la r q u y id a g ic h a : to v a r m a r k a s in in g z a r u r a ti
h a q id a , to v a r m a r k a s in i q o ‘lla b - q u v v a tla s h h a q id a ,
m a r k a s tra te -
g iy a s i h a q id a , m a r k a n in g p o z its iy a s in i o ‘z g a rtiris h h a q id a b o ‘lis h i
lo z im .
T o v a r m a rk a s in i q o ‘lla s h n in g s a m a ra s i y u q o ri b o ‘la d i, c h u n k i u n
d a n fo y d a la n is h b u y u r tm a la m in g s h a k lla n is h i v a to v a r la m i y e tk a z ib
b e r is h ja ra y o n in i y e n g illa s h tir a d i; to v a rn in g o ‘z ig a x o s x is la tla rin i
ra q o b a tc h ila r to m o n id a n n o q o n u n iy im ita ts iy a q ilin is h id a n h u q u q iy
h im o y a la s h n i t a ’m in la y d i; x a r id o r la rn in g b a rq a ro r k o n tin g e n tin i
j a l b q ilis h im k o n iy a tin i y a r a ta d i; b o z o r s e g m e n ta ts iy a s in i y e n g il
la s h tira d i; k o rp o r a tiv im ijn i k u c h a y tir a d i v a y a n g i m a rk a la rn i j o r i y
q ilis h n i o s o n la s h tira d i.
T o v a r m a rk a la ri, s h u n in g d e k , b o z o r h o k im lig in i
e g a lla b o lis h v a
firm a n in g m o liy a v iy p o z its iy a la r in i m u s ta h k a m la s h v o s ita s i s ifa ti
d a h a m x iz m a t q ila d i. S h u s a b a b li m a rk a la rn i b o s h q a r is h n in g v a z i-
f a la rid a n b iri to v a r m a r k a s in i riv o jla n tiris h , u n in g x a tti-h a r a k a tla r in i
k e n g a y tir is h h is o b la n a d i. B u n in g u c h u n q u y id a g i m a r k a s tra te g i-
y a la r i ish la b c h iq ila d i: to v a r q a to rin i k e n g a y tir is h s tra te g iy a s i (m a v -
j u d m a rk a n i y u z a g a k e lg a n to v a r n o m e n k la tu ra s ig a ta rq a tis h ); to v a r
m a rk a s i c h e g a ra la rin i k e n g a y tir is h s tra te g iy a s i ( m a v ju d m a r k a n i
y a n g i to v a rla rg a ta r q a tis h ) ; k o ‘p m a r k a lilik s tra te g iy a s i ( b itta m a h -
s u lo t lin iy a si u c h u n ik k i y o k i u n d a n o rtiq m a rk a n i is h la b c h iq is h ).
S h u n i h a m e ’tib o r g a
o lis h k e ra k k i, fa q a t b a ’zi m a r k a la r g in a
u z o q v a q t d a v o m id a m u v a f f a q iy a tg a e r is h is h i m u m k in . M o liy a v iy
49
t o ‘s iq la m in g m a v ju d lig i, s h u n in g d e k , x a rid o rla m i y a n g i k ir itilg a n
m a rk a g a k o ‘n ik tir is h z a ru ra ti y a n g i to v a r m a rk a s in i ta y y o rla s h v a
riv o jla n tiris h u c h u n sa rfla n u v c h i x a r a ja tla rn i q o p la s h u c h u n d o im iy
ra v is h d a m a b l a g i a r q id irish n i ta la b qilad i.
3.3.
S ifa t s tr a te g iy a s i
Y a n g i to v a m in g b o z o r k o ‘rs a tk ic h la rin i s h a k lla n tiris h tiz im id a
to v a ria r o ‘ro v i h a m m u h im e le m e n t v a z ifa s in i b a ja ra d i. T o v a rla r-
n in g k o ‘p c h ilig i to is te ’m o lc h ig a y e tib b o rg u n c h a tra n s p o r t o rq a li
ta s h ila d i v a o m b o rla rd a s a q la n a d i. B u h o ld a to v a rla r u la m i y e tk a z ib
b e ris h v a i s t e ’m o l q ilis h q o id a la r ig a a s o s a n m a x s u s id is h la rg a jo y la b
o ‘ra la d i. T o v a m in g o ‘ro v i ish la b c h iq a ru v c h i y o k i sa v d o ta s h k ilo ti
to m o n id a n i s t e ’m o lc h ig a b e rilu v c h i « ta s h r if q o g ‘o z i» v a z ifa s in i b a
ja ra d i.
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