Ingliz tilida modallik manosini ifodalovchi fellar modal fellar deyiladi moddallik degani

1. Maslahatni ifodalaydi shouldga yozilgan 1 dan 7 gacha bo’lgan qoidalar ought to ga ham tegishli yuqoridagi gaplarda should ning o’rniga ought to ni ishlatish mumkin: You should stop smoking. Sen chekishni to’xtatsang yaxshi bo’lardi. You ought to stop smoking. Sen chekishni to’xtatsang yaxshi bo’lardi.
2. so’roq shaklida ought oldinga chiqadi: ought I to go there? U yerga borsam yaxshi bo’ladimi?
3. inkor shakli oughtn’t to shaklida bo’ladi: You oughtn’t to smoke. Sen chekmasang yaxshi bo’lardi. Ought she to warn him? U uni ogohlantirishi kerakmi?
NEED - “KERAK + MUHTOJ”.
1. Faqat SO’ROQ VA INKOR gaplarda modal fe’l bo’lib keladi va muhtojlikni ifodalaydi bo’lishli gaplarda esa mustaqil fe’l vazifasida keladi. Needn’t ko’p hollarda “hojati yo’q” deb tarjima qilinadi: You have got a lot of time. Vaqtingiz ko’p. You needn’t hurry Shoshilishingizga xojat yo’q. Need you go there? U yerga borishingizga xojat bormi? No, I neednt. Yo’q xojati yo’q.
2. Biror kishidan inkor javobni kutib savol so’raganda ham “Need” ishlatiladi va u “shartmi” deb tarjima qilinadi: Need you give us consultation tomorrow, teacher? Ertaga konsultatsiya o’tishingiz shartmi, domla?
3. Need bilan berilgan so’roq gaplarni javobi ijobiy bo’lsa javobda must ishlatiladi. Need you go there? U yerga borishigizni xojati bormi? Yes. I must go. Ha, borishim kerak. No. I needn’t. Yo’q. Hojati yo’q.
4. Must bilan berilgan so’roq gapning bo’lishsiz jovobi needn’t bilan beriladi: Must I go there at once? U yerga darhol borishim kerakmi? No, you needn’t. Yo’q, Hojati yo’q.
5. needn’t ning o’rniga (don’t need to, doesn’t need to)ni ishlatishimiz mumkin. You needn’t hurry shoshilishingizni xojati yo’q. You don’t need to hurry. Shoshilishingizni xojati yo’q. She doesn’t need to hurry. Uning shoshilishiga xojat yo’q.
6. needn’t have o’tgan zamonda bajarishga ehtiyoj bo’lmagan lekin bilmagan holda bajarib qo’ygan ish harakatlarni ifodalaydi: I needn’t have bought eggs yesterday because I had a lot of eggs in the fridge. I didn’t know it. Tuxum sotib olishni xojati yo’q edi chunki muzlatgichda tuxumlar ko’p ekan men buni bilmagandim. She needn’t have gone, but she went. Uning borishga hojati yo’q edi lekin u bordi.
7. needn’t have ning o’rniga didn’t need to, didn’t have to lar ham ishlatilishi mumkin, ular gapda ishlatilganda ish harakatni zarur emasligi u bajarilmasdan oldin ma’lum bo’ladi va u bajarilmagan bo’ladi: I didn’t need to go there and I didn’t go. U yerga borishim shart emas edi va bormadim. I needn’t have gone there but I went. U yerga borishimga xojat yo’q edi, lekin boribman. I needn’t have hurried but I hurried. Shoshilishimga hojat yo’q edi, lekin shoshibman.