Ingliz tilida modallik manosini ifodalovchi fellar modal fellar deyiladi moddallik degani

Must «kerak»
1. Must faqat bitta shaklga ega u hozirgi va kelasi zamon manosida ishlatiladi must agar have bilan kelsa o’tgan zamonga tegishli bo’ladi. must quyidagi manolarga ega a) so’zlovchining o’z fikridan kelib chiqqan zaruriyatni ifodalaydi: I haven’t written a letter to my friend for ages. Men ancha paytdan buyon do’stimga xat yozmayapman I must write a letter to him. Men unga xat yozishim kerak
2. Must kuchli maslahat berishni ifodalaydi: There is an interesting book in the library. Kutubxonada qizziq kitob bor ekan. You must take and read it. Sen uni olib o’qishing kerak You must enter the Academy. Sen akademiyaga kirishing kerak. You are coughing a lot. Sen ko’p yo’talayapsan. You mustn’t smoke a lot. Sen ko’p chekmasliging kerak.
3. Must inkor gaplarda taqiqlashni ifodalaydi: May I smoke here? Men bu yerda cheksam maylimi? No, you musntn’t smoke here. Yo’q bu yerda chekmasligingiz kerak.
4. Kuchli ehtimol va taxminni ifodalaydi biror narsani ko’rib turib to’g’riligiga ishonch qilib gapirsak must ishlatiladi: You have been studying hard all day. Sen kun bo’yi qattiq o’qiyapsan. You must be tired. Sen charchagan bo’lsang kerak Siroj must be a good boxer. Siroj yaxshi bo’kschi bo’lsa kerak He won Muslim yesterday. U kecha Muslimni yutdi.
5. Must shu ma’noda davomli zamonda ham ishlatilishi mumkin: The book isn’t on the shelf. Kitob tokchada yo’q. Max must be reading it. Uni Maks o’qiyotgan bo’lsa kerak.
6. Must have ham kuchli ehtimolni ifodalaydi lekin u o’tgan zamonda ishlatiladi: It must have rained all night Tun bo’yi yomg’ir yog’gan bo’lsa kerak. There are big puddles in the garden. Bog’da katta ko’lmaklar bor.
I made a lot of noise last night. O’tgan kuni ko’p shovqin qilgan edim. You must have heard it. Eshitgan bo’lsangiz kerak.
7. May- Must: May noaniq taxminni must kuchli taxminni ifodalaydi: He may be in his office now. U balki hozir offisdadir. He must be in his office now. U offisida bo’lsa kerak.