«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

Questions for self-control:

1. 
   What does thesyntactic level study?
   
2. 
   Whythe difference between a phrase and a sentence is fundamental?
   
3. 
   What is aphrase in compared languages?
   
4. 
   What criteria of defining phrase types exist in Grammar?
   
5. 
   Types of syntactic relations in phrases.
   
6. 
   Are there any distinctive features of English, Uzbek and Russian phrases?
   
7. 
   Tell about general ways of syntactic connectionof phrases in compared languages?
   
8. 
   The problem of pre-position and post-position in phrases.
   
9. 
   The problem of interference in foreign language teaching acquisition (Syntactic level).
   

Recommended literature:

1. 
   Yusupov U.K.Contrastive linguistics of the English and Uzbek languages. Tashkent, 2013.
   
2. 
   Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского языков. Ленинград, 1979.
   
3. 
   Валгина Н.С. Современный русский язык. М., 2003.
   
4. 
   Мухитдинова Х., Худойберганова Д., Умиров И., Жиянов Н., Юсупова Ҳозирги ўзбек адабий тили Т., 2004.
   
5. 
   Соловьёва Н. Н. Весь русский язык в таблицах: От фонетики до синтаксиса М., 2009.
   

Lecture 14. Typology of a Sentence in English,Uzbek and Russian Languages


Key points for discussion:

1. 
   Definition of thesentence.
   
2. 
   Criteria of dividing sentences into types.
   
3. 
   Classification of sentences
   
4. 
   Typology of English, Russian and Uzbek sentence types.
   

It is rather difficult to define the sentence as it is connected with many lingual and extra lingual aspects – logical, psychological and philosophical. There are many definitions of the sentence and these definitions differ from each otherbecause that the scientists approach from different viewpoints to this question. Some of themconsider the sentence from the point view of phonetics, others - from the point of view ofsemantics (the meaning of the sentence) and so on. Some of the definitions of a sentence are given below.

The Notional Definition of a Sentence: "It is sometimes said that a sentence expresses a complete thought. This is a notional definition: it defines a term by the notion or idea it conveys. The difficulty with this definition lies in fixing what is meant by a 'complete thought.' There are notices, for example, that seems to be complete in themselves but are not generally regarded as sentences: Exit, Danger, 50 mph speed limit."On the other hand, there are sentences that clearly consist of more than one thought. Here is one relatively simple example:This week marks the 300th anniversary of the publication of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, a fundamental work for the whole of modern science and a key influence on the philosophy of the European Enlightenment.
Jespersen's Definition of a Sentence: "Traditional attempts to define the sentence were generally either psychological or logical-analytic in nature: the former type spoke of 'a complete thought' or some other inaccessible psychological phenomenon; the latter type, following Aristotle, expected to find every sentence made up of a logical subject and logical predicate, units that themselves rely on the sentence for their definition. A more fruitful approach is that of Otto Jespersen (1924: 307), who suggests testing the completeness and independence of a sentence, by assessing its potential for standing alone, as a complete utterance."


According to B.A. Ilyish―The sentence is the immediate integral unit of speech built up of words according to a definite syntacticpattern and distinguished by a contextually relevant communicative purpose‖. The definition proves that is quite right when he writes:
The notion of thesentence has not so far received a satisfactory definition. A sentence is a unit of speech whose grammatical structure conforms to the laws of the language andwhich serves as the chief means of conveying a thought. A sentence is not only a means of communicatingsomething about reality but also a means of showing the speaker's attitude to it.