«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

Part-of-speech classification

1. 
   noun-forming suffixes -ize, -ify, -а-ть, -а, -лан
   
2. 
   adjective-forming suffixes -able, -less, -ous, -ный-ной, -ли, -сиз
   
3. 
   verb-forming suffixes -er, -ism, -ник, -ец, -увчи, -чилик
   
4. 
   adverb-forming suffixes -teen, -ty, -надцать, -ой (-ый), -та
   
5. 
   numeral-forming suffixes -ly, -о, -лаб, -она.
   

2. 
   Semantic classification
   
   1. 
      nationality -ness, -ity, -увчан
      
   2. 
      the agent of the action - dom, -ry, -ship, -ati
      
   3. 
      quality - ian, -ese, -ish, -вич, -лик.
      
   4. 
      diminutiveness -er, -ist, -ent, -ок, -чи.
      
   5. 
      collectivity -ie, -let, -ling, -ette.
      

3. 
   The lexico-grammatical character of the stem.
   

1. 
   suffixes added to verbal stems -e, -ly, -ish, -ness, -ость, -и-е,-лик
   
2. 
   suffixes added to noun stems -er, -ing, -ство, -ация, -кич, -ги
   
3. 
   suffixes added to adjective stems -less, -ful, -ni-ый, -ный, -кор, гар
   

Exercise 3. Look at the suffixes in thechart below. Give the examples for each according to the classification in compared languages.

Part-of-speech classification	Semantic classification	Lexico-grammatical character of the stem
1. -ize , -ify, -а-ть, -а, - лан Ex.	1. - dom, -ry, -ship, -ati Ex.	1. -e,-ly, -ish, -ness,-ость, -и-е,-лик Ex.
2.-able, -less, -ous,-ный- ной,-ли,-сиз Ex.	2. -er, -ist, -ent, -ок, -чи. Ex.	2. -er, -ing, -ство, -ация, -кич, -ги Ex.
3. -er, -ism, -ник, -ец,- увчи, -чилик Ex.	3. - ian, -ese, -ish, -вич, - лик. Ex.	3. -less, -ful, -ni-ый, - ный,-кор,гар Ex.
4. -teen , -ty, -надцать , -ой (-ый),-та Ex.	4.-ness, -ity,-увчан Ex.

►Activities for self-improvement

Exercise 1. Are these statements true (√) or false (×)? Correct the false statements.

1. 
   Stress interchange is occurred in all compared languages.
   
2. 
   Sound interchange is one of the ways of productive word formation
   
3. 
   Sound imitation is the way of word-building when a word is formed by imitating different sounds.
   
4. 
   Sounds produced by animals, birds, insects, such as: to hiss, to buzz, to bark, to moo, to twitter etc; лаять, мычать, щебетать, вовулламоқ, миёвламоқ, сайрамоқ.
   
5. 
   Sounds produced by human beings, such as : to splash, to rustle, to clatter, to bubble, to ding-dong, to tinkle etc; звякать, звенеть, греметь, тақилламоқ, шитирламоқ,тарақ-туруқ.
   
6. 
   In blends three ways of word-building are combined
   
7. 
   Back formation is the way of word-building when a word is formed by dropping the final morpheme to form a new word.
   
8. 
   One of the Russian non-morphological ways of word formation is semantic, which can express the similar function with Uzbek semantic way of forming words.
   
9. 
   The last distinctive feature of Uzbek language word formation way is composition, which cannot be found in other compared languages.
   
10. 
    The main way of word formation in English is considered
    

compounding, while in Russian and Uzbek it is affixation.