«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

Exercise 2. Read the given main criteria about the classification of sentences. Classify and write types of sentences according to these criteria in the table.

The criterion of the structure of sentences	The criterion of the aim of the speaker	The criterion of the existence of all parts of the sentence

Exercise 3. Fill the table with examples of thenegative form of a declarative sentence of compared languages. Analyze similarities and differences between them.

Means		English	Russian	Uzbek
1.	Grammatical morpheme	do+not I don’t go	не Я не пойду	-ма Мен бормайман
.	Lexical units
3.	Negative pronouns and adverbs
4.	Phraseological units
5.	Rhetoric questions

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  Activities for self-improvement
  

Exercise 1. What languages have these types of the composite sentence? Fill the table below. The first is given as an example.

Types of composite sentences	Languages
Compound-complex	English, Uzbek
Complex
Compound
Syndetic
Asyndetic
Coordinating conjunction
Subordinating conjunction

Exercise 2.Read the statements below and choose whether they are true or false.

1. 
   The sentence is the immediate group of words. True / False
   
2. 
   The sentence should always consistof a verb, noun and secondary parts of sentences. True / False
   
3. 
   The sentence is divided into four according to the purpose. True / False
   
4. 
   Rhetorical questions do not fall into the category of interrogative sentences. True / False
   
5. 
   According to the structure, the sentence is divided into simple and composite. True / False
   

Exercise №3. Write different kind of conjunctions, which are used to combine sentences.


Types of conjunctions
in composite sentences
Seminars 11-12. Typology of Lexical Level of English and Native Languages

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  Classroom activities
  

Exercise 1. Work in two small groups. Discuss the following question.

Clarify the terms ―semantic typology and lexical typology

Exercise 2. Fill the chart below. What branches of lexical typology do you know?

Go round the class and compare your list with other classmates.


Exercise 3. Explain with your own words following terms to your classmates.



Exercise 4. Discuss the following questions in class.

1. 
   How can you define the main unit of lexical level?
   
2. 
   Howcan a word be distinguished in all languages?
   
3. 
   What can be understood in the terms of hyperonyms and hyponyms?
   
4. 
   How can words be subdivided according to meaning?
   
5. 
   What kind of types of a word can be found in compared languages?
   

Exercise 5. Match the terms with their definitions
1. Simple words
2.Derived words
3.Compound words
4.Compound-derived words

1. 
   Consist of two or more root morphemes, one or more affixes and an inflexion, e.g.a stay-slim diet, an out-of-town performance, do-it-your- self principle.
   
2. 
   Consist of one root morpheme and an inflexion (in many cases the inflexion is zero), e.g. red, ask, leg;
   
3. 
   Consist of one root morpheme, one or several affixes and an inflexion, e.g.
   
4. 
   Aimless, unemployed, disbelief;
   
5. 
   Consist of two or more root morphemes and an inflexion, e.g. foreign- made, red-haired, to daydream;
   

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  Home activities
  

Exercise 1. Match the definitions.

Typology	deals with the units of lexical levels. It studies inter-lingual paradigms of words, inter-lingual invariance of meanings expressed by words and
Lexical typology	is the study of patterns that occur systematically across languages phrases.
Semantic typology	is the systematic cross-linguistic study of how languages express meaning by way of signs.

Exercise 2. As we know according to the nature of borrowings can be classified in all languages into:

Give your own examples:

• 
  A loan word taken over from another proper language can be modified in phonetic shape, spelling, paradigm or meaning according to the standards of the language. Example:
  

RussianUzbek: журнал, театр, роман, армия, сюжет, автобус.
EnglishRussianUzbek:

• 
  A translation loans are the words and expressions formed I one language after the patterns characteristic of it but under the influence of some foreign words and expressions. For example:
  

Latin: - “tinge maternal”  mother tongue;
English: Russian: Uzbek:

• 
  Semantic borrowings are the appearance of a new meaning due to the influence of a related word in another language. For instance:
  

English: mother  Mutter (German)  Madre (Spanish).
Russian: Uzbek: