Questions for self-control:
1. Give the definition of the term ―parts of speech‖ in Linguistics.
2. Why do linguists name parts of speech as primary grammatical categories?
3. Who suggested this term?
4. Analyze different approaches to classification of parts of speech. What do
you think about it? Give your own opinion.
5. What is the main criterion for uniting words into one and the same part of
speech?
6. Different approaches to classification of parts of speech.
7. What parts of speech are there in English, Uzbek and Russian?
8. Reveal similarities and differences.
9. The problem of interference in foreign language teaching acquisition
(Morphological level).
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Recommended Literatures:
1.
Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского
языков. Ленинград, 1979.
2.
Буранов Ж.Б. Сравнительная типология английского и тюркских
языков. М, 1983.
3.
Рождественский Ю.В. Типология слова. М, 1969.
4.
Sh. Rakhmatullaev. Hozirgi adabiy o‘zbek tili (darslik). Universitet.
T, 2006.
LECTURE 9. TYPOLOGY OF GRAMMATICAL CATEGORIES IN
ENGLISH AND NATIVE LANGUAGES
Problems for discussion:
1.Types of grammatical categories
2. The classification of parts of speech
3.Synthetic and analytical forms of languages
Key words:
Grammatical category, connotation, morphological and syntactic,
categories, word formation
A grammatical category isa system opposed to each other grammatical
forms with similar values. Members of the same grammatical category are the
general grammatical meaning and differ in connotation.
Grammatical categories are subdivided into morphological and syntactic.
Among the morphological categories are distinguished, for example, the kind of
grammatical categories, tense, mood, person, gender, number, case; consistent
expression of these categories are characterized by the whole grammatical word
classes (parts of speech).
Grammatical categories in different languages with a strong word formation,
ie such members can be represented by the forms of the same word within its
paradigm (for example, in the Russian language - the tense, the inclination, the
number of the verb, number, case, gender adjectives degrees of comparison).
Word changing, ie such that the members can not be represented forms of
the same word (for example, in the Russian language - the genus and
animation/inanimation nouns).
Also, grammatical categories are distinguished as:
revealed a syntactically (relational), i.e. pointing especially to the
combinability of the forms as part of the phrase or sentence (for example, in the
Russian language - gender, case)
non-syntactical detected (referential, nominative), ie expressed primarily
different semantic abstraction, abstracted from properties,
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connections and relationships extralinguistic reality (for example, in the
Russian language - the kind of time)
Such grammatical categoryas for example, the number or the person can
combine features of both these types.
According to Dr. Buranov, grammatical categories can be divided into two:
grammatical macrocategories or primary grammatical categories (the term
suggested by Aristotle);
Grammatical microcategories or secondary grammatical categories (the term
suggested by Aristotle).
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