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part of a one-member sentence is expressed by a noun and the sentence is
called nominal. (
Dusk-of the summer night. Зима, крестьянин
торжествует
). A simple sentence may be extended (has both the principle
parts of the sentence and the secondary parts. E.g. Pete reads book every day.)
And unextended (has only the subject and the predicate).
Classification of asimple sentence in all three languages according to
the grammatical meaning can be seen as follows:
As a distinction complicated and uncomplicated types of sentences in
Uzbek are regarded complex sentences. The rest types of sentences can be
considered as thesimilarity of these languages.
Sentences in compared languages may be also composite. In general
composite sentences in compared languages are divided intocompound,
complex and compound-complex. A compound is a sentence which consists
of two or more clauses coordinated with each other. (
The darkness was
thinning, but the street was still dimly lighting. Картошка жарилась на
сковорде, от неё ўёл ароматнқй запах. Осмонга булут чиқди ва ёмғир
ёға бошлади
). A complex sentence consists of a principal clause and one or
more subordinate clauses. (
He steps quicken as he set out from the hotel.
Многие видели как фокусник это сделал. Хонага шундай жимлик
чўкканки, гўё бу ерда \аёт бутунлай сўнган).
Subordinated clauses may be
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of different types: subject (Where I am going is unknown), object, predicative
(with link-verb), attributive, adverbial and etc. A compound-complex sentence
is made from two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
(
We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to
watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong. Баҳор келди, майсалар
кўкарди ва далалар кўм-кўк тусга кирди).
Hence, general differences and similarities of acomplex sentence of
three compared languages can be seen from their classification according to
its structure below:
In English they are divided into three big groups:
In Russian they may be classified into two big groups which contain
several subgroups according to its structure, meaning, interconnection and
head part:
In Uzbek they are divided into 4 big types which some types also can
have several subdivisions according to the conjugations:
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Generally, there can be observed differences, similarities and distinctive
features in thedeep comparative analysis of the types above. Such as
compound-complex features are typical only for English and Uzbek languages
and cannot be found in Russian. Or else Russian and Uzbek have syndetic and
asyndetic features of dividing sentences into types while English has another
criterion for this.
Additionally, as a similarity can be considered the following
characteristics like in all three languages there are two or more subjects and
predicates in thecompound and complex sentences. Two or more sentences in
compound sentences are combined with coordinative conjunctions in
compared languages
(and, but, or, и, но, или, лекин, ва, ёки).
While in the
complex sentence two or more sentences are combined with subordinate
conjunctions in all three languages
(if, because, если, потомучто, агар,
чунки).
And the difference can be observed in English interrogative pronouns
can make asubordinate sentence. But in Uzbek, such sentences are considered
as simple ones
(A scientist is a person who studies a lot. Олим кўп ёқийдиган
киши).
Distinctively, in the English language in theunrealconditionals, plural
form of verbs are used for both singular and plural subjects. But Russian and
Uzbek languages don’t have such phenomenon
(If he were here, he would
help us).
Thus another number of brief differences in syntactic level also can be
listed in comparison of sentences of compared languages:
Russian and Uzbek sentences are longer than English ones,
Russians and Uzbeks are fond of long and colorful phrases while the English
text is composed of comparatively short sentences, it is “ethical” to use short
words and brief structures. In translation, Russian and Uzbek sentences can be
divided into 2-3 short ones.
The order of words in a sentence plays a great semantic role, the
most important word stands at the beginning. E.g.:
Russian
Uzbek
Вам этого не понять.
Этого вам не понять.
Не понять вам этого.
Сиз буни тушуна олмайсиз
Буни сиз тушуна олмайсиз
буни тушуниш сизгаэмас.
In English the word order isfixed, semantic shades ofmeaning are
expressed byother means. In English, there can be one variant but with
different intonation:
You won’t understand this
.
In English and Uzbek, the sentence beginswith the subject as a
rule. The rhematic (new)information is placed atthe beginning of the sentence:
Van Cliburn was the best musician. Вэн Клайберн энг яхши мусиқачи эди.
Whilein Russian a lot of sentences begin not with thesubject but, an object.
The rhematic (new) information stands at theend of the sentence:
Лучшим
музыкантом был Вэн Клайберн
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