«инглиз тили лексикологияси» кафедраси

 
Questions for self-control: 
1. How did Dr. Buranov classify Comparative Typology? 
2. What does linguistic typology study? 
3. What can you say about different viewpoints to the Linguistic typology? 
4.
What
branches of Structural typology do you know? 
5.
What is Ethalon language ? 
Recommended Literature: 
1. Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского 
языков. Ленинград, 1979.
2. Буранов Ж. Инглиз ва ўзбек тиллари қиѐсий грамматикаси. Тошкент, 
1973. 
3. David Crystal. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Oxford:
Blackwell, 1991. 
4. Robbins Burling, Patterns of Language. Structure, Variation, Change. 
San Diego: Academic Press, 1992. 
5. William Croft. Typology and Universals. Cambridge UNI Press, 2003. 
7.
Comparative-Historical 
Linguistics. 
(n.d.) 
The 
Great 
Soviet 
Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition
. (1970-1979). Retrieved August 1, 2016, from 
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Comparative-Historical+Linguistics 

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19 
 
 
LECTURE 4. BRANCHES OF COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY 
Problems for discussion: 
1. Branches of Comparative Typology as to the levels of language hierarchy 
2.
 
Branches of Comparative Typology as to two plans of language 
3. Approaches to language description
 
Key words: 
Comparison, substantial features, synchronically and diachronically, 
major role, typology as a science, independent science
 
 
1. Branches of Comparative Typology as to the levels of language hierarchy 
 
Comparative Typology operates at all levels of language hierarchy without 
exception. In other words, it can compare the units of phonetic, phonological, 
morphological, syntactic and lexical levels. 
In comparison with other levels the given level 
is more isolated and at the same time, its sections are 
more developed from the typological point of view. 
Inside the phonological level, actually phonologic 
and phonetic sublevels are identified. 
Phonetic and phonological typology
deals with 
thecomparison of units of the phonologic level of 
language. It engages in theallocation of 
phonological differential signs, defining their 
universality, study of thephonological structure of 
languages, classification of languages on the basis of 
their phonological features (e.g. tonic and atonic 
languages), defining thephonemic structure of world 
languages and many others. For a long time,the Prague linguistic school was the 
center of Phonological typology.
A certain contribution to thedevelopment of Phonological typology was made by 
N.S.Trubetskoywho is considered the founder of Typology of Phonological systems. 
R.Yakobson, G.Fant, M.Halle also worked in this area. Later other sides of 

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Phonological typology were developed by such scientists as Ch. Hockett, K.Vegelin, 
T.Milevsky, 
P.Menzerat, 
V.Skalichka, 
A.Martine, 
M.I.Lekomtseva, 
T.J.EUzarenkova, Abduazizov A.A., G.P.Melnikov,and others. 
Major achievements of Phonological typology relate to the allocated cases 
phonologic universals, N.S.Trubetskoy‘s differential signs, I.Kramskoy, 
P.Kovaleva‘s quantitative criteria, supra-segmental typological classification on tone 
and accent by A.Martine‘s, numerous researches on acomparison of phonological 
systems of various languages. 
The circle of research in 
Morphological typology
is very wide. It compares the 
units of a morphological level. Depending on the 
character of research the morphological typology can 
classify into two types: 

Morphological typology engaged in the 
morphological 
classification 
of languages;

Morphological typology engaged in