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LECTURE 4. BRANCHES OF COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY
Problems for discussion:
1. Branches of Comparative Typology as to the levels of language hierarchy
2.
Branches of Comparative Typology as to two plans of language
3. Approaches to language description
Key words:
Comparison, substantial features, synchronically and diachronically,
major role, typology as
a science, independent science
1. Branches of Comparative Typology as to the levels of language hierarchy
Comparative Typology operates at all levels of language hierarchy without
exception. In other words, it can
compare the units of phonetic, phonological,
morphological, syntactic and lexical levels.
In comparison with other levels the given level
is more isolated and at the same time, its sections are
more developed from the typological point of view.
Inside the phonological level, actually phonologic
and phonetic sublevels are identified.
Phonetic and phonological typology
deals with
thecomparison of units of the phonologic level of
language. It engages in theallocation of
phonological
differential signs, defining their
universality, study of thephonological structure of
languages, classification of languages on the basis of
their phonological features (e.g.
tonic and atonic
languages), defining thephonemic structure of world
languages and many others. For a long time,the Prague linguistic school was the
center of Phonological typology.
A certain contribution to thedevelopment of Phonological typology was made by
N.S.Trubetskoywho is considered the founder of Typology of Phonological systems.
R.Yakobson, G.Fant, M.Halle also worked in this area.
Later other sides of
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Phonological typology were developed by such scientists as Ch. Hockett, K.Vegelin,
T.Milevsky,
P.Menzerat,
V.Skalichka,
A.Martine,
M.I.Lekomtseva,
T.J.EUzarenkova, Abduazizov A.A., G.P.Melnikov,and others.
Major achievements of Phonological typology relate to the allocated cases
phonologic universals, N.S.Trubetskoy‘s differential signs, I.Kramskoy,
P.Kovaleva‘s quantitative criteria, supra-segmental typological classification on tone
and accent by A.Martine‘s, numerous researches on
acomparison of phonological
systems of various languages.
The circle of research in
Morphological typology
is very wide. It compares the
units of a morphological level. Depending on the
character of research the morphological typology can
classify into two types:
Morphological
typology engaged in the
morphological
classification
of languages;
Morphological typology engaged in
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