Questions for self-control:
1. What is a vowel sound?
2. What are the groups of vowels according to the articulatory level?
3. How do the consonants change on the articulatory level?
4. What are the four groups of consonants according to the manner of
articulation?
5. What is the difference between occlusive and constrictives
6. How are the Russian rolled consonants [р, р‘] are produced?
7. Name the consonant groups according to the place of articulation.
8. The problem of interference in foreign language teaching acquisition
(Phonetic and phonological levels).
Recommended Literatures:
1.
Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского
языков. Ленинград, 1979.
2.
David Crystal. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Oxford:
Blackwell, 1991.
3.
Yusupov U.K. Contrastive linguistics of the English and Uzbek
languages. Tashkent, 2013.
4.
Abduazizov A. A. Phonology and morphonology of Uzbek language.
Tashkent, 2010.
5.
Abduazizov A. A. English Phonetics. A Theoretical Course.
Tashkent, 2007.
6.
Оливериус, З. Фонетика русского языка. Прага: SPN, 1978.
7.
Лизалова, Л. И. Упражнения по фонетике современного русского
языка. Брно: МУ, 1991.
8. Jamolxonov H. Hozirgi o ‗zbek adabiy tili. Toshkent, 2005.
9. Ranmatullayev Sh. Hozirgi adabiy о ‗zbek tili. Toshkent, 2007.
33
LECTURE 7. TYPOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGLISH,
UZBEK AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Problems for discussion:
1. English, Uzbek and Rissian languages Stress
2. English, Uzbek and Russian languages intonation
Key words:
Word stress, syllable, two languages, falls on, final syllable
Word stress or accent is usually defined as the degree of force or prominence
with which a sound or syllable is uttered. Languages differ with word stress
placement and degrees of it.
In the Turkic languages, particularly in Uzbek, word stress usually falls on
the final syllable.
English, Uzbek, and Russian are called stress languages or languages with
dynamic stress (force stress), in which intensity is more significant than the other
correlates-duration and pitch.
Stress can be divided into all compared languages as follows:
In English:
In Russian:
34
In Uzbek:
The features of these three languages can be seen from the tables above. In
English, the word stress is fixed, while in Uzbek it is movable and it often falls to
the right side to the suffixes:
Eng.
`teach - `teach +er, - `teach+ing
Uzb
. `
иш
–
иш
+`
чи
–
ишчи
+`
лар
–
ишчилар
+`
да
–
ишчиларда
+`
ми
?
Some words of collective pronouns (such as
ҳамма
,
барча
) of Uzbek are
considered as exceptions because in these pronouns stress is fixed:
ҳ
`
амма
–
ҳ
`
амма
+
га
–ҳ
`
амма
+
дан
.
On the contrary, with these two languages Russian stress can be
distinguished with its free (can be in any part of a word:
ку хонный
,
экспе ртный
,
проходно й
) and mobility (can change its place in
different forms of a word:
нача ть
,
на чал
,
начала
,
на чали
)
features.
In all compared languages have two equal stresses:
`mid`night, `black`board,
`home`sick
etc., in Uzbek:
те
`
мир
`
йўл
,
боғ
`
ишам
`
ол
etc., in Russian:
кля твопреступле ние
,
о колозе мный
,
ви це
-
президе нт
etc.
Stress is one of the ways of word building in these compared languages:
Eng.: `present (noun) – pre`sent (verb), `expert (noun) – ex`pert (verb).
35
Uzb.: `олма (noun) – ол`ма (verb), `сузма (noun) – суз`ма (verb).
Rus.: заброни ровать (место в гостинице)– забронирова ть (орудие),
сме лый (adj.) - смела (noun).
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