Questions for self-control:
1.
What does the term ‗typology‘ mean?
2.
Do we use this term in everyday life?
3.
What is the role of Typology in Linguistics?
4.
What tasks does this subject have?
5.
What is the necessity of learning typology?
6.
What is the difference between Linguistic and Non-Linguistic typology?
Recommended Literature:
1. Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского
языков. Ленинград, 1979.
2. Буранов Ж. Инглиз ва ўзбек тиллари қиѐсий грамматикаси. Тошкент,
1973.
3. David Crystal. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Oxford:
Blackwell, 1991.
4. Robbins Burling, Patterns of Language. Structure, Variation, Change.
San Diego: Academic Press, 1992.
5. William Croft. Typology and Universals. Cambridge UNI Press, 2003.
8
6.
Comparative-Historical
Linguistics.
(n.d.)
The
Great
Soviet
Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition
. (1970-1979). Retrieved August 1, 2016, from
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Comparative-Historical+Linguistics
LECTURE 2.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF
TYPOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
Problems for discussion:
1.The stages of comparative historical typology;
2. The history of linguistic comparison as an
integral part of linguistic science
Key words:
History of linguistic, integral part,
definition of the sentence, grammatical structures, compiling, viewpoint
The questions of timing the history of linguistic comparison are quite compli-
cated and are the ones, which have not found their final solution yet. The history of
linguistic comparison is an integral part of linguistic science development, which is
bound with the history
of thenation and cogni-
tion. That is why there
are
no
generally
accepted criteria for
timing this problem yet.
We
will
see
Dr.
Buranov‘s viewpoint.
In
his
book
―Сравнительная
типология
английского
и
тюркских языков‖ he
identifies 4 periods in the
history of typological studies:
The first period is characterized as a spontaneous or
evolutionary.
It begins with the emergence of the first
linguistic works. That period was over not long before the Renaissance. In Ancient
Greece, the language was studied in the frames of philosophy. The major issue, which
was in the focus of discussion, was acorrelation of substances to their names. Still,
already in the works of Protagoras and Aristotle, there are statements related to
distinguishing words, word combinations, linguistic categories like gender, case,
number, the definition of the sentence, classification of words into names and actions
or parts of speech. These works served as the basis for distinguishing linguistics into
an independent science. E.g. many scholars, while compiling grammars of separate
languages used the models of the languages with already described grammatical
9
structures. (The principle of analogy). For example,
while compiling the first English grammars the
models of Latin were widely used. The first
grammars for the European languages were based on
the Latin Grammars.
The second period is characterized as a period of establishing the first scientific
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