Ingliz tili ikkinchi fakulteti

Questions for self-control:

0. 
   What does the syntactic level study?
   
1. 
   Why the difference between a phrase and a sentence is fundamental?
   
2. 
   What is aphrase in compared languages?
   
3. 
   What criteria of defining phrase types exist in Grammar?
   

0. 
   Types of syntactic relations in phrases.
   
1. 
   Are there any distinctive features of English, Uzbek and Russian phrases?
   

0. 
   Tell about general ways of syntactic connectionof phrases in compared languages?
   

0. 
   The problem of pre-position and post-position in phrases.
   

0. 
   The problem of interference in foreign language teaching acquisition (Syntactic level).
   

Recommended literature:

0. 
   Yusupov U.K. Contrastive linguistics of the English and Uzbek languages. Tashkent, 2013.
   

0. 
   Аракин В.Д. Сравнительная типология английского и русского языков. Ленинград, 1979.
   

0. 
   Соловьѐва Н. Н. Весь русский язык в таблицах: От фонетики до синтаксиса М., 2009.
   

LECTURE 13. TYPOLOGY OF A SENTENCE IN ENGLISH AND NATIVE LANGUAGES


Problems for discussion:

0. 
   Definition of thesentence.
   
1. 
   Criteria of dividing sentences into types.
   

0. 
   Classification of sentences
   
1. 
   Typology of English, Russian and Uzbek sentence types.
   

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Key words: The sentence, phonetics, approach, syntactic pattern, semantics.

It is rather difficult to define the sentence as it is connected with many lingual and extra lingual

aspects – logical, psychological and philosophical. There are many definitions of the sentence and these definitions differ from each other because that the scientists approach from different viewpoints to this question. Some of them consider the sentence from the point view of phonetics, others

0. 
   from the point of view of semantics (the meaning of the sentence) and so on.
   

Some of the definitions of a sentence are given below.

The Notional Definition of a Sentence: "It is

sometimes said that a sentence expresses a complete thought. This is a notional definition: it defines a term by the notion or idea it conveys. The

difficulty with this definition lies in fixing what is meant by a ‗complete thought.‘ There are notices, for example, that seems to be complete in themselves but are not generally regarded as sentences: Exit, Danger, 50 mph speed limit."On the other hand, there are sentences that clearly consist of more than one thought. Here is one relatively simple example:This week marks the 300th anniversary of the publication of Sir Isaac Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, a fundamental work for the whole of modern science and a key influence on the philosophy of the European Enlightenment.

Jespersen‘s Definition of a Sentence: "Traditional attempts to define the sentence were generally either psychological or logical-analytic in nature: the former type spoke of ‗a complete thought‘ or some other inaccessible psychological phenomenon; the latter type, following Aristotle, expected to find every sentence made up of a logical subject and logical predicate, units that themselves rely on the sentence for their definition.

A more fruitful approach is that of Otto Jespersen (1924: 307), who suggests testing the completeness and independence of a sentence, by assessing its

potential for standing alone, as a complete utterance."

According to B.A. Ilyish―The sentence is the immediate integral unit of speech built up of words according to a definite syntactic pattern and distinguished by a contextually relevant communicative purpose‖. The definition proves that is quite right when he writes: ―Thenotion of thesentence has not so far received a satisfactory

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definition‖.

―A sentence is a unit of speech whose grammatical structure conforms to the laws of the language andwhich serves as the chief means of conveying a thought. A sentence is not only a means of communicatingsomething about reality but also a means of showing the speaker‘s attitude to it.