Ingliz tili grammatikasi

PAST WISH
subject + wish + (that) + subject +
could have + P.P.
 had + P. P.
I  wish that I had washed the 
clothes yesterday. (I didn’t wash the 
clothes.)
Qaniydi kiyimlarni kecha yuv-
gan bo‘lsaydim. (Yuvganim 
yo‘q.)
She wishes that she could have been 
there. (She couldn’t be there.) 
Qaniydi u o‘sha yerda bo‘lgan 
bo‘lsa edi. (U o‘sha yerda 
bo‘la olmasdi.)
We wish that we had had more time 
last night. (We didn’t have more 
time.)
Qaniydi kecha vaqtimiz ko‘proq 
bo‘lganda edi. ( Bizning ko‘proq 
vaqtimiz yo‘q edi.)
TINISH BELGILARI
Vergul (Comma) 
SODDA GAPLARDA VERGUL
Sodda gapda vergul:
1. Uyushuq bo‘laklarni ajratish uchun ishlatiladi. Vergul oxirgi
uyushuq bo‘lak oldida kelgan and bog‘lovchisi oldida ham ishlatiladi:
There are many theatres, museums 
and libraries in tashkent.
Toshkentda ko‘p teatrlar, mu-
zeylar va kutubxonalar bor.
The steamer was loaded with wheat, 
barley, and maize.
Paroxodga bug‘doy, arpa va 
mak kajo‘xori yuklangan edi.
2. Otdan keyin kelgan izohlovchini ajratadi:
Pushkin, the great Russian
 poet, was born in 1799.
Pushkin, buyuk rus shoiri, 1799-yil-
da tug‘ilgan.
3. Mustaqil sifatdoshli iboralarni ajratish uchun ishlatiladi:
Cuba imports different 
foodstuffs, the main imported 
commordity being rice.
Kuba ko‘p oziq-ovqat mahsulot-
larini import qiladi, eng asosiy 
import qiladigan mahsuloti — gu-
ruch.
The manager being absent,
 the question was postponed.
Menejer yoq bo‘lganligi uchun, ma-
sala keyinga qoldirildi.
4. Kirish so‘zlar, so‘z birikmalari va kirish gaplarni ajratadi:
Fortunately, the fi re was discovered before it did much damage. 
Baxtimizga, yong‘in ko‘p zarar yetkazmasdan payqalgan.
www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi

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In all probability, the steamer will 
arrive at the end of the week. 
His brother, I have forgotten to men-
tion, was a doctor. 
5. Murojaatni ajratadi:
Porter, take this trunk, please. 
Helen, where is my red pensil? 
Ehtimol, paroxod haftaning oxi-
rida yetib keladi.
Uning akasi, eslatishni unutib-
man, shifokor. 
Hammol, bu chamadonni oling, 
iltimos. 
Helen, mening qizil qalamim 
qayerda? 
Xatlardagi murojaatdan keyin ishlatiladi: 
Dear Friend,
We have just received 
your lettar...
Aziz do‘stim, 
Biz sizning xatingizni yaqindagina 
oldik... 
AQSHda rasmiy xatlarda murojaatdan keyin, odatda, ikki nuqta qo‘yi-
ladi: 
Dear sirs:
In answer to your letter... 
Hurmatli janoblar:
Xatingizga javob berar ekanmiz...
6. Xatning oxiridagi jumlalarda imzodan oldin ishlatiladi: 
Your faithfully, 
George Brown.
Sizga sadoqat bilan,
Jorj Braun.
7. Sanani yozganda oyni yildan ajratadi:
The contract was concluded 
on the 15
th
 September, 1985. 
Shartnoma 1985-yil 15-sentabrda 
tuzildi. 
8. Manzil qismlarini ajratadi (adresatni, ko‘chani, shaharni, pochtani, 
mamlakatni): 
Messrs. Smith and Co.,
London, E. C.,
England.