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Self-assessment Assessment by which the learner gathers information about and reflects on his or her own learning, judges the degree to which it reflects explicitly stated goals or criteria, identifies strengths and weaknesses, and revises accordingly. It is the learner’s own assessment of personal progress in knowledge, skills, processes, and attitudes. (Adapted from: Ontario Ministry of Education 2002).
	Self-referenced assessment Assessment of learner’s progress and achievement with reference to himself/herself.
	Skill The ability to perform tasks and solve problems. (Source: CEDEFOP 2011). It is the ability, proficiency or dexterity to carry out tasks that come from education, training, practice or experience. It can enable the practical application of theoretical knowledge to particular tasks or situations. It is applied more broadly to include behaviours, attitudes and personal attributes that make individuals more effective in particular contexts such as education and training, employment and social engagement. (Scottish Government 2009).
	Social and emotional learning (SEL) Learning how to manage feelings and relationships with others. This includes ways to also recognize emotions and to maintain positive relationships in developing sympathy and empathy. It involves the acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes that learners need to create positive relationships, build resilience, handle challenging situations, make appropriate decisions and care for others. Commonly it focuses on skills such as self-awareness, selfmanagement, social awareness, relationship skills and responsible decision-making. Recent advances in neuroscience have shed new light on the role of noncognitive processes in human reasoning and consciousness, revolutionizing thinking concerning the role of feeling and intuition in solving novel problems. While the traditional view may have been that feelings interfere with an individual’s ability to solve problems, this old adage failed to point out that in the absence of feeling an individual is unlikely to solve the problem at all. (Adapted from: Seel 2012). See also ‘Emotional intelligence’.